APUSH 2

Isolationism

A form of foreign policy where a nation refuses to get involved in foreign affairs and wars, particularly used by the US during the 1930s.

Imperialism

The policy of a more industrialized and militaristic nation taking over another country for its resources.

Impeachment

The formal process of bringing charges against a governmental official.

Industrial Revolution

A period of major industrialization during the late 1800s in the US, marked by the rise of factories.

Inflation

The economic situation characterized by a general rise in prices due to monetary issues.

Interstate Highways

Eisenhower's plan to connect cities across the US, modeled after the German autobahn system.

Indian Removal Act

The act of Congress that led to the Trail of Tears.

Iroquois

A confederacy formed by six nations of this Native American tribe.

Island Hopping

A US military strategy during WWII that involved fighting the Japanese at random locations in the Pacific.

Independent Treasury

Established by Martin Van Buren as a replacement for the Second Bank of the United States.

Jamestown

The first permanent English colony in America, founded in Virginia and led by Captain John Smith.

Jim Crow Laws

Laws that enforced racial segregation in the southern United States during the late 1800s.

John Jay

The author of some Federalist Papers who later became the first Supreme Court Chief Justice.

Jazz

A genre of music that was popularized by artists like Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington.

Judicial Review

The principle established by the Act of 1789, rooted in the case of Marbury v. Madison.

Jingoism

Patriotism in the form of an aggressive foreign policy.

Thomas Jefferson

The principal author of the Declaration of Independence.

Andrew Jackson

The seventh President of the United States known as the hero of New Orleans.

Andrew Johnson

The 17th President of the United States and the first to be impeached.

Jay's Treaty

A controversial treaty between the US and Great Britain in the 1790s that avoided war but was regarded as a weak deal.

Henry Knox

The first Secretary of War and artillery officer during the Revolutionary War.

Kitty Hawk, NC

Site of the first successful powered flight.

Kent State

University where four students were killed during a protest in 1970.

KKK

A hate group formed after the Civil War, which revived in the early 1900s.

Korematsu v. United States

The case involving a Japanese American who opposed internment during WWII.

Kellogg-Briand Pact

An agreement made in 1928 to prevent future wars, which ultimately failed.

Khrushchev

Leader of the USSR during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

The 1854 act that allowed for the possibility of slavery in new territories based on popular sovereignty.

Kentucky

Home state of historical figures like Daniel Boone and Henry Clay.

John F. Kennedy

The 35th President of the United States.

Liliuokalani

Queen of Hawaii who was deposed by Sanford Dole.

Lend-Lease

A WWII program to supply allies with war materials while maintaining US neutrality.

Louisiana Purchase

The acquisition of territory by Thomas Jefferson in 1803 that doubled the size of the US.

Little Women

A novel about the March family written by Louisa May Alcott.

Abraham Lincoln

Known as the Great Emancipator during his presidency.

Lexington and Concord

The sites of the first battles of the American Revolution.

Lecompton Constitution

The pro-slavery constitution for the Kansas territory accepted by Buchanan.

Robert E. Lee

The commanding general of the Confederate forces at Gettysburg.

Laissez-Faire

The economic policy that advocates minimal government intervention in the economy.

Labor Unions

Organizations like the AFL-CIO and IWW that advocate for workers' rights.

Loyalist

Colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolution.

Robert La Follette

Known as 'Fighting Bob', he was a leader of the Progressive Movement in Wisconsin.

Charles Lindbergh

The pilot known for the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean.

Lusitania

The British ship sunk by a German U-Boat, impacting American sentiment towards WWI.

George McClellan

The Union general known for being overly cautious, who was fired by Lincoln.

Metacom

Also known as King Philip, he led attacks against New England colonists in the late 1600s.

Mass Media

Forms of communication such as radio, television, and the internet.

John Marshall

The Chief Justice who established the principle of judicial review in the United States.

Marbury v. Madison

The key Supreme Court case that established judicial review.

James Madison

Often referred to as the Father of the Constitution.

Nativism

The belief that only native-born individuals are true Americans.

Nullification

Calhoun's argument against the Tariff of Abominations, rooted in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.

New Deal

FDR's economic plan aiming for relief, recovery, and reform during the Great Depression.

NAACP

An organization founded in 1909 to fight segregation and racial injustice.

Neutrality

A policy of non-involvement in foreign conflicts.

National Security Council (NSC)

An advisory body to the President concerning security and foreign policies.

National Organization for Women (NOW)

A group founded in the 1960s advocating for women's equality.

Carry Nation

An activist for temperance who famously disrupted saloons.

NATO

A military alliance formed for collective security among Western nations.

Napoleon

The French leader who sold the Louisiana territory to the US.

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

An agreement promoting free trade between the US, Canada, and Mexico.

Nixon

The President who opened diplomatic relations with China in 1972.

Northwest Ordinance

The 1789 legislation establishing governance over the Northwest Territory.

New England

A region in the northeastern United States including states like Massachusetts and Maine.

New Orleans

Significant battle site where Andrew Jackson gained fame.

Sandra Day O'Connor

The first woman to serve as a Supreme Court Justice.

Ohio

A state known for producing many US Presidents.

Oregon

A territory connected to the phrase "54-40 or Fight" concerning expansion.

Open Door Policy

A trade policy aimed at maintaining equal trading rights in China.

Oklahoma

State where the land rush occurred, known as the "Sooner" State.

Olive Branch Petition

A peace proposal to King George III that was ultimately rejected.

Robert F. Kennedy

A leading figure in the 1960s civil rights movement and presidential hopeful.

Philadephia

The largest city in the colonies, often referred to as the City of Brotherly Love.

Platt Amendment

The 1901 amendment defining conditions for the withdrawal of American troops from Cuba.

Proclamation Line of 1763

A boundary established to prevent colonial expansion beyond the Appalachian Mountains.

William Pitt

The British Prime Minister credited with leading the British to victory in the French and Indian War.

Prohibition

The period established by the 18th Amendment banning the production and sale of alcohol.

Populists

A movement among farmers in the late 1800s advocating for economic reforms.

Pontiac

A Native American leader who united tribes against British forces after the French and Indian War.

James K. Polk

The US President known for his expansionist policies and the Mexican War.

Poll Tax

A fee charged as a requirement for voting, later outlawed by the 24th Amendment.

Frances Perkins

The first female Cabinet member, serving as Secretary of Labor.

Quartering

The act of housing soldiers in civilian homes.

Quakers

A religious group known for their peaceful nature and tolerance.

Quota

A limit placed on immigration from certain countries.

Rockefeller

Major industrialist known for founding the Standard Oil Company.

Ronald Reagan

President who notably reduced taxes and emphasized a conservative political agenda.

Radical Republicans

A group advocating for harsh measures against former Confederate states during Reconstruction.

Redcoats

A term used to refer to British soldiers during the American Revolution.

Republican Party

Political party founded on principles established by Abraham Lincoln.

Jacob Riis

A muckraking journalist known for exposing the living conditions of the poor.

Russo-Japanese War

The conflict that led Theodore Roosevelt to win the Nobel Peace Prize for his role in peace negotiations.

Reconstruction

The period following the Civil War focused on rebuilding the South and integrating freed slaves.

Roe v. Wade

The landmark Supreme Court case that legalized abortion.

Eleanor Roosevelt

Former First Lady who redefined the role by being politically active and vocal.

Paul Revere

Known for his midnight ride warning of British troop movements.

Jeanette Rankin

The first woman elected to Congress, who opposed both world wars.

Rio Grande

The river serving as the border between the US and Mexico.

Red Scare

The national panic regarding the threat of communism in the 1920s.

Ratification

Formal approval of the Constitution, accomplished in 1789.