BT1-REFERENCE-MATERIAL-PART-2

Rough Hardware

Metal products used in construction meant to be concealed, such as bolts, nails, screws, spikes, and other metal fittings.

Finish Hardware

Hardware with a finished appearance and decorative function, such as hinges, locks, catches, used with doors, windows, and cabinets.

Common Wire Nail or Common Nail

A low-carbon steel nail with a slender plain shank and medium diamond point, used in framing where finish is unimportant.

Finishing Nail

A slender nail made from finer wire than the common nail, with a brad-type head for finishing work.

Brad Nail

A small finishing nail with a head almost flush with the sides or slightly projecting to one side.

Box Nail

Similar to a common nail but thinner, with a long smooth or barbed shank.

Casing Nail

A slender nail with a small, slightly flared head used for finishing work.

Ring-shank Nail

a nail having a number of ring-like grooves around the shank to increase its holding power

Clinch Nail

nail designed for clinching

Roofing Nail

A short nail with a barbed or ring shank and a large flat head, used to secure roofing felt or shingles.

Metal Lath Nail

A nail designed for securing metal lath, used as a base for plaster.

Electrician’s Staple Nail

A u-shaped metal piece with pointed ends for securing sheet material or holding a hasp.

Concrete Nail

A hardened steel nail with a flat countersunk head and diamond point, used for nailing to concrete or masonry.

Masonry Nail

A hardened steel nail with a knurled or fluted shank, especially used for fastening to masonry.

Screws

externally threaded fasteners

Wood Screw

threaded metal fastener having a pointed end

Metal Screw

fastened by screwing into metal

Lag/ Coach Screw

square head and a thin coarse-pitched thread

Screw Anchors

has a metal shell with a screw along its central axis

Tekscrew

screw used to fasten metal roofing sheets to the purlins

Bolts

metallic pin having a head on one end and an external thread on the other for screwing up a nut

Nut

short metal block having a central hole which is threaded to receive a bolt

Machine Bolt

threaded bolt having a straight shank and a conventional head

Carriage Bolt

threaded bolt having a circular head

Toggle Bolt

A bolt with pivoted flanged wings that close against a spring when pushed through a hole and open after emerging from it, used to fasten objects to hollow walls or walls accessible from one side.

Expansion Shield

Lead or plastic sleeves inserted into a predrilled hole and expanded by driving a bolt or screw into it.

Expansion Bolts

Anchoring devices with an expandable socket that swells as a bolt is tightened into it, used in masonry walls for attaching timber.

Rivets

Metal pins used for permanently joining structural steel members by passing a headed shank through a hole in each piece and hammering down the plain end to form a second head.

Hinges

Movable joints used to attach, support, and turn a door about a pivot, consisting of two plates joined by a pin to support the door and connect it to its frame.

Butt Hinge

A type of hinge attached to the butt edge of a door, consisting of two leaves with an odd number of knuckles on one leaf and an even number on the other, forming the barrel of the hinge.

Full Mortise, Half-Surface, Half-Mortise, Full-Surface

4 basic types of butt hinges

Olive-Knuckle Hinge

A paumelle hinge with knuckles forming an oval shape.

Invisible Hinge

A hinge constructed so that no parts are exposed when the door is closed, such as the famous brand SOSS.

Spring Hinge

A hinge containing one or more springs that automatically returns the door to its closed position when opened, acting in one or both directions.

Latches and Locksets

Devices to hold a door closed and lock it, with latch sets holding the door in place and locksets having mechanisms for locking with a key or thumbturn.

Knob

handle; usually for operating a lock

Knob Rose

round disk fastened to the face of a door around a hole in the door through which the doorknob passes

Escutcheon

protective plate surrounding the keyhole of a door

Strike/ing plate

metal plate or box which is set in a doorjamb and is either pierced or recessed to receive the bolt or latch of a lock

Lip Strike

projection from the side of a strike plate which the bolt of a lock strikes first

Closers

Devices that automatically return a door to its closed position after it is opened and control the distance a door can be opened to protect the door and surrounding construction from damage.

Pivots

Provide an alternative way to hang doors where the visual appearance of hinges is objectionable or where a frameless door design may make it impossible to use hinges.

Panic Hardware

Operating hardware used for safe egress during a panic situation, including push bars, push plates, pull bars, door stops, bumpers, and astragals.

Push plates and pull bars

used to operate a door that does not require automatic latching

Door stops and bumpers

small metal fabrications with rubber bumpers

Astragals

vertical members used between double doors to seal the opening, act as a door stop

Bolts and Fasteners:

Door Bolt or Barrel Bolt

A manually operated sliding rod or bar attached to a door for locking it without a spring in the locking mechanism.

Chain Door Fastener

A device limiting the door opening to the length of the chain.

Chain Bolt

A spring bolt at the top of a door actuated by a chain.

Foot Bolt

A bolt fixed at the bottom of a door operated by foot with a spring holding it up when the door is unbolted.

Flush Bolts

Used on the inactive leaf of a pair of doors to lock the door in place, either surface mounted or mortised into the door's edge.

Automatic Door Bottoms

Devices applied to the bottom of a door to provide a seal, moving up when the door is open and down when closed.

Weather Stripping

Used along the edge and bottom of doors to provide a tight seal against water and air infiltration.

Thresholds

Used where floor materials change at a door line, where weather stripping is required, or where minor changes in floor level occur.

Furniture Hinges

Various types including butt hinges, concealed hinges, pivot hinges, T-hinges, and glass door hinges.

Butt Hinges

furniture hinges (basic type)

Concealed Hinges

“hidden” hinges

Pivot Hinges

T-hinge

surface-mounted door hinge in the shape of a letter T

Glass door hinges

Cabinet Catches

Including friction catch, magnetic pressure catch, and bullet or ball catch.

Cabinet Knobs

Types include screw-in knob, bolt-on knob, flush knob, flush ring, and pull.

Lid Stays

Drawer Runners

Types include E-single extension, V-full extension, and T-telescopic extension.

Locks

• rim locks

• mortise locks

• in-laid flap locks

• lever locks

• glass door locks.

Shelf Supports

• pin-mounted

• plug-in

• screw-in

• screw-mounted

• glass shelf supports.

Roofing Materials

Materials used to enclose a structure, prevent moisture, air, heat, and radiation transmission, and require structural framing for support.

Roof Form

The shape and design of a roof determined by the type of roofing materials used and the intended appearance.

Batten

Wood or metal material used to elevate roofing material, particularly roof tiles, over undersheeting and act as anchorage.

Downspout

Conveys water from the gutter to the storm drain.

Eaves

The lower edge of a sloping roof that projects beyond the building's wall.

Fascia Board

Horizontal board nailed to the ends of roof rafters.

Flashing

Metal or impervious material to prevent water passage into a structure.

Gutter

Channel below the roof to catch and convey rainwater.

Ridge Roll

Metal sheet or tile capping the roof ridge.

Roof Beam

Structural member supporting the roof and frame.

Purlin

Horizontal support for roof covering on trusses or rafters.

Rafters

Inclined members to which the roof covering is fixed.

Truss

Structure of wood or steel members in a triangular arrangement for roof support.

Underlayment

Layer between the roof material and surface for adhesion and weatherproofing.

Undersheeting

Layer between the roof material and framing for weatherproofing and drainage.

Galvanized Iron (G.I.)

Corrugated or plain sheets used for roofing, flashing, ridge roll, and gutters.

Rib-Type

Pre-painted metal roofing with regularly spaced ribs.

Clay or Concrete Tile

Roofing material consisting of overlapping and interlocking clay or concrete units.

Roof tiles

Various types of roofing materials such as mission or Spanish tile, interlocking tiles, shingle tiles, and pantiles used to cover roofs.

Wood shingles and shakes

Roofing materials cut from water, rot, and sunlight-resistant materials like wood, treated with primer, stain, paint, or chemicals for fire resistance.

Composition shingles

Roofing materials with tabs having self-sealing adhesive, made of fiberglass or organic felt with colored mineral or ceramic granules on the weather side.

Slate roofing

Durable, fire-resistant roofing material requiring strong framing, with slate shingles split, trimmed, and drilled to receive copper nails or wire ties.

Sheet metal roofing

Metal sheets made of stainless steel, galvanized steel, copper, or zinc assembled with interlocking seams and ridges, using different seams like standing, batten, lock, and roll seams.

Gutters

Channels directing water from roofs to drains, made of materials like galvanized iron, anchored to prevent leaks, classified as exposed or concealed based on location and visibility.

Flashing

Water-resistant sheet metal installed on roof edges to prevent water leakage, operating on the principle that water must work against gravity to leak.

Strap

Metal strap or hanger used to stabilize exposed gutters, anchoring the gutter to the roof nailer or purlin.

Fastening materials

Materials like roof nails, metal screws, and rivets used to secure roofing materials to the framing, preventing leaks with sealants and rubber seals or gaskets.

Building Insulation

Any object in a building used to provide insulation for thermal, acoustic, fire, or impact purposes.

Thermal Insulation

Materials or methods used to reduce the rate of heat transfer.

Heat or Thermal Conduction

The transfer of thermal energy through matter to equalize temperature differences.

Convection

The movement of molecules within fluids.

Radiation

Energy emitted by an atom or body as it changes from a higher to a lower energy state.

Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Insulation

A two-component mixture forming expanding foam for insulation.