Ancient History Q4 Exam

Pointers

Thomas Aquinas

One of the most important Italian scholastic philosophers of the Catholic religion.

Romanesque Cathedral

Huge massive church

* **round arches**
* **made with big stones**

Gothic Style Cathedral

Huge massive church

* **Pointed arches**
* **focused on more light and hieght**

The longbow

A type of tall bow that can make a long draw.

Anti-semitism

Hostility to, or discrimination against Jews.

secular

Anything not related with a church or faith.

non secular

Anything related with a church or faith.

black death

An epidemic disease and pandemic that caused many deaths in Europe around 1300s. Also known as pest.

Papal Supermacy

The authority or power of the pope over all secular (non-religious) rulers.

Joan of Arch

National heroine of France . Born a peasant, she became a military leader.

\*peasant=農民

100 years war

War between France and England that lasts 116 years over succestion to the French throne. (France won)

Crusades

War fought between Christians from Europe and Muslims for control of Jerusalem and other holy places.

Buborric Plague

Pandemic caused by mouse. (black death)

\*Plague=pandemic

Scholasticism

A method of learning more than a philosophy or a theology.

Magna Carta

=great charter

A document signed by King John of England and established the priciple that everyone (including the king) to follow.

ex: right to due process

Habeas Corpus

A legal rule that requires a prisoner be presented in court and that the arrester prove that there is proper cause for detaining the prisoner.

Parliament

A legislature or a law making group in the government of UK.

(Prime minister was the leaeder)

St. Francis of Assisi

A __**Catholic *friar**__ who gave up a life of wealth to live a life of poverty.

He established the __**Franciscan Order of friars**__ and the __**women's Order of the Poor Ladies.**__

\*friar=monk

Benedictine Rule

Geoffrey Chaucer

An English poet, author, and civil servant.

Known as the father of English literature.

Craftsman

People who make important objects in early ages.

Vernacular

Casual spoken languages that people use nowadays.

monastery

A place where a community of monks/nuns live and work.

convent

A __**community of nuns**__ living together.

Dante Alighierri

A __**Medieval Italian poet, philosopher and political thinker.**__

Icons

Holy images.

Chivalry

Medieval code of conduct for knights that emphasized honor, bravery, loyalty, and respect towards women.

Trobadour

A poet-musician of the Middle Ages in France and Italy.

Feudal Lord

A noble who held land

Usury

Lending money at a high rate of interest

(高利息での貸し借り)

Manor

Large estate, house of the Lord

guild

An association of craftspeople or merchants who control the practice of their craft in a town.

canon law

Law based on religious teachings and governed many aspects of life.

illumination

The illustrations and decorations of early times which are painted with golds or silvers.

=it is important for history because it helps people to know what happend in the past

feudalism

A system in which people gave kings and lords money and worked in exchange for protection

Sharia Law

Law for Muslims and to control Catholic Church.

William the Normandy

First Norman King of England.

(He became king on Christmas day)

Henry IV

King of the UK and Ireland and of Hanover. He updated the poor law.

Henry VIII

King of England and Ireland and one of the most famous monarchs in English history.

Byzantine Empire

An Eastern Roman Empire. _________ civilization blended Christian religious beliefs with Greek science, philosophy, arts, and literature.

due process of Law

A course of legal proceedings according to rules and principles that have been established in a system.

Seljuk Turks

a Muslim dynasty. They ruled parts of Central Asia and the Middle East

Louis IX

King of France who reformed the French legal process, creating a royal justice system.

King John

King of England for 38 years and was forced to seal the Magna Carta.

Lay investiturre

Practice in medieval Europe where secular rulers appointed bishops and other church. Only pope will have the rights to appoint bishops.

Benedictine Rule

main theme being absolute obedience to the Abbot

Long-bow

\

A powerful weapon used by the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages to punish entire communities or regions by prohibiting religious services and sacraments.

Great schism

Breaking up the Christian church into Western and the Eastern sections.

charter

An official document granting, guaranteeing, or showing the limits of the rights and duties of the group

Inquisition

a powerful office set up within the Catholic Church to root out and punish heresy throughout Europe and the Americas

\*heresy=principle

Alexius I

Byzantine emperor who stopped the invading Normans and Turks.

Pope Urban II

Most remarkable pope in Middle Ages. He launch the first Crusades.

Reconquistas

A long series of war between the Christian Kingdoms and the Muslim Moors for control of Spain.

Common Law

A legal system that derives from judical decisions rather than from witten laws.

Excommunication

Religious act used to take off or suspend membership in a religious community.

Sacraments

A religious act that is a sign of a spiritual existence or faith.

**Eleanor of Aquitaine** She was a __queen of England__ and married to both King Louis VII of France and later, King Henry II of England. She was known for her intelligence and strong will. She also supported troubadours and poets for financials.

Great Women of Medeival Europe

**Pope Urban II** was the __head of the Catholic Church__ and is best known for initiating the First Crusade in 1095.

Pope in medeival Europe

The Germanic Tribes

Group of people who lived in Northern and Central Europe during the Iron ages.

Justinian

Byzantine Empire King and he took back all the lands.

Constantinople

City in Eastern Roman empire

Justinian’s code

Collection of Roman empire civil law

Theodora

Wife of Justinian. She had many political idea and also had her own idea.

Franks

Germanic people who conquered Belgium, France, and part of Roman empire

Clovis

King of the Eastern Frank Kingfom. He led the “Battle of Tors”

Knights

Warriors, soldiers

Serf

People who were bought to work on the Lord’s land. They can get shelter and foods.