2.0 Networking (Common Ports)
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Q: What is the purpose of well-known port numbers?
A: They ensure the client and server match and allow port-based firewall security.
Q: What three things should you memorize for A+ port numbers?
A: Port number, protocol, and how the protocol is used.
Q: What ports does FTP use?
A: tcp/20 for active mode data and tcp/21 for control.
Q: What is FTP used for?
A: Transferring files between systems with username/password authentication.
Q: Does FTP support anonymous login?
A: Yes, some systems allow generic/anonymous login.
Q: What port does SSH use?
A: tcp/22.
Q: What does SSH provide?
A: Encrypted remote communication similar to Telnet.
Q: What port does Telnet use?
A: tcp/23.
Q: What is Telnet used for?
A: Remote login and console access to devices.
Q: Why is Telnet not recommended for production?
A: It sends communication in the clear (unencrypted).
Q: What port does SMTP use?
A: tcp/25.
Q: What is SMTP used for?
A: Server-to-server email transfer and sending email from devices to mail servers.
Q: What protocols are used to receive email (not send)?
A: IMAP and POP3.
Q: What port does DNS use?
A: udp/53.
Q: What does DNS do?
A: Converts domain names into IP addresses.
Q: Why are multiple DNS servers typically used?
A: DNS is critical infrastructure and redundancy is required.
Q: What ports does DHCP use?
A: udp/67 and udp/68.
Q: What does DHCP provide?
A: Automated configuration of IP address, subnet mask, and other network settings.
Q: What is DHCP dynamic/pooled addressing?
A: Real-time assignment of IPs from a pool with leases that must be renewed.
Q: What is a DHCP reservation?
A: Assigning an IP address to a device based on its MAC address.
Q: What ports do HTTP and HTTPS use?
A: HTTP: tcp/80; HTTPS: tcp/443. (implicit from protocol, but added for clarity)
Q: What is HTTP used for?
A: Browser and application communication in clear text.
Q: What is HTTPS used for?
A: Encrypted web communication.
Q: What port does POP3 use?
A: tcp/110.
Q: What is POP3 used for?
A: Basic email retrieval from a mail server.
Q: What port does IMAP4 use?
A: tcp/143.
Q: What is IMAP used for?
A: Email retrieval with server-side inbox management from multiple clients.
Q: What is SMB used for?
A: File sharing and printer sharing in Windows.
Q: What are the NetBIOS over TCP/IP ports?
A: udp/137 (name services), tcp/139 (session service).
Q: What port is used for direct SMB (NetBIOS-less)?
A: tcp/445.
Q: What port does LDAP use?
A: tcp/389.
Q: What is LDAP used for?
A: Storing and retrieving directory information (e.g., Active Directory).
Q: What port does RDP use?
A: tcp/3389.
Q: What is RDP used for?
A: Sharing or controlling a remote desktop or application session.
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