HEAT TRANSFER

steam point

temperature where water boils at 1 atm pressure

ice and steam point in celsius

0, 100

ice and steam point in fahrenheit

32f, 212f

1c equivalent to how much in fahrenheit

9/5f

kelvin formula

Tk = Tc + 273.15

ice point in kelvin

273.15

lowest possible temperature in kelvin

absolute 0k, below this objects can no longer be cooled

unit for coefficient of linear expansion

1/C

heat

energy flowing from high to low temperatures due to temp differences (J)

where does heat flow (hot to cold) originate

internal energy of hot object

specific heat capacity tells you + formula

amt heat energy supplied/removed to change temperature of substance (mcdelta T)

unit of SHC

J/(kg·°C)

shc of gases

depends if pressure/volume constant

1 cal to joules

4.186 j

1 kcal to joules and cals

4186 j, 1000 cal

thermal equilibrium for heat formula

|Q gained| = |Q lost| (Q = mcdelta T)

latent heat formula

Q = mL

latent heat definition

HEAT SUPPLIED OR REMOVED WHEN CHANGING THE PHASE OF A SUBSTANCE

latent heat of fusion

solid to liquid

latent heat of vaporization

liquid to gas

latent heat of sublimation

solid to gas

convection

heat carried (from 1 place to another) via bulk movement of fluid

conduction

heat transferred directly thru material

mechanism of conduction

atoms in hotter object vibrate more energetically than in cooler object. molecules in both systems undergo collision, high molecules transfer energy to less

thermal conductor

conducts heat well (heat passes easily) e.g. metals

thermal insulator

conducts heat poorly e.g. air, wood

units of conductivity

J/smC

what makes a good thermal insulator

dead air space

radiation

energy transferred via electromagnetic waves. good absorbers = good emitter

perfect blackbody

absorbs electromagnetic wave completely

factors of conduction

1. time of conduction

2. temperature in both objects

3. cross sectional area

4. length of bar

volume thermal expansion formula

linear expansion formula

fahrenheit to celsius and vice versa formulas

thermal conductivity formula

k = thermal conductivity

A = area

L = length of bar

ice/melting point

temperature where ice melts at 1 atm pressure (zb1 mentioned?!)