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what is the concept of revitalization?
a deliberate, organized, conscious effort by members of a society to construct a more satisfying culture
what does revitalization movements tend to have?
culture change, has a charismatic leader, seen when stressors happen like disease or colonization
what anthropologist is associated with the definition of a revitalization movement?
Anthony Wallace, 1956
what are the first quality of charismatic leadership?
“charisma” is probably the greatest revolutionary power in periods of established tradition
what is the second quality of charismatic leadership?
financially irresponsible
(it typically neglects considerations of economic efficiency and rationally)
what is the third quality of charismatic leadership?
creates a congegration
(charismatic leader and his followers constitute a congregation…he has no officials assisting him, but rather disciples or confidant, who have no career or qualifications in the bureaucratic sense and no privileges)
what is the fourth quality of charismatic leadership?
leaders charisma must be present for his followers to recognize
(for the charisma of a leader to be present, it must be recognized by his followers, and in the ideal typical case his recognition is a matter of duty “sign”)
what is the fifth quality of charismatic leadership?
can be lost
who lead the ghost dance?
wovoka (jack wilson)
what is the first period in revitalization movements?
period of generally satisfactory adaptation
what is the second period in revitalization movements?
period of increased individual stress
what is the thrid period in revitalization movements?
period of cultural distortion
what is the fourth period in revitalization movements?
period of revitalization
what is the fifth period in revitalization movements?
new period of generally satisfactory adaption
who made the evolutionary model?
Edward B. Tyler
what is the first stage of the Edward B. Tyler’s evolutionary model?
animism
what is the second stage of the Edward B. Tyler’s evolutionary model?
polytheism-multiple gods
what is the third stage of the Edward B. Tyler’s evolutionary model?
monotheism- one god
what is the fourth stage of the Edward B. Tyler’s evolutionary model?
science- decline of religion
how to write an in-text citation?
names of authors date of publication: and page number
what do you do if theres 5 authors?
write the first last name and add et al ex. (Moyes et al.2012:1)
what do you do if theres is two authors?
write both last names ex. (Moyes and Montello 2012:1)
how do you write a reference cited?
include author name, date of publication, name or article or title (in italics), pages, publication and name of press
use this as an example citation:
Author: Mary Pohl and John Pohl
Date: 1983
Title of Article: Ancient Maya Cave Ritual
Journal Publication: Archaeology
Volume: 36
Number of Journal” 3
Page(s): 28-51
Pohl, Mary and John Pohl.
1983 Ancient Maya Cave RItual. Archeology 36 (3):28-51
use this as an example citation:
Author(s): Stephen D.Houston, David Stuart, and Karl A. Taube
Date: 1989
Title of Article: Folk Classification of Classic Maya Pottery
Journal Publication: American Anthropologist
Volume: 91
Page(s): 720-726
Huston, Stephen D., David Stuart and Karl A. Taube
1989 Folk Classification of Classic Maya Pottery. American Anthropologist 91:720-726
(“A religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, that is to say, things set apart and forbidden–beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community called a Church, all those who adhere to them” (1915:62) )
who said this?
Durkheim
what is Durkheim’s first main idea?
Sacred vs Profane- Religion is a social phnomena
what is Durkheim’s second main idea?
religions are “true”
what is Durkheim’s third main idea?
totemic principle- man creates religion based modeled on his own social structure and uses symbols to create social solidarity
what is Durkheim’s fourth main idea?
reinforces norms
what is Durkheim’s fifth main idea?
social solidarity
(ritual functions to promote social solidarity by creating a shared emotive response)
what does relgion do (from a functionalist perspective)?
fulfills individual needs, explains the unexplainable (Tyler), it’s a sort of rules and norms, sets the moral compass for a group, offers solutions to immediate problems
what else can religion be referred to?
distraction from the oppression, opioid of the masses, the sigh of the oppressed, it solves immediate problems for both individual and group
“A religion is 1. a system of symbols which acts to 2. establish powerful, pervasive, and long-lasting moods in men by 3. formulating conceptions of a general order of existence and 4. clothing those conceptions with such an aura of factuality that 5. the moods and motivations seem uniquely realistic”
who’s definition of religion is this?
Clifford Geertz
who’s idea is this?
religious beliefs effect a socitey’s economy
relgious ideas effect socitey and its development
captialism arises out of this world view
Max Webber
What is the Protestant ethic?
Protestantism promotes work ethnic:
Life’s goal is work
those who work hard will do well
frivolous spending is a din
good fortune and wealth are gifts from God
what is a key symbol?
Ortner- cultural values and concepts essentially metaphors that catalyze people’s thoughts
(She argues that certain kinds of predominant symbols found in cultures are related to cultural values and concepts. They are especially metaphors that catalyze peoples thoughts.)
What are the two types of key symbols?
Summarizing and Elaborating
what is an example of summarizing?
the American flag
what are the two types of elaborating symbols?
root metaphor and key scenarios
what are root metaphors?
metaphors
what is a key scenario?
actions
in Hodder’s theory, what is the difference between entanglement and entrapment?
Entanglement refers to the interdependency between humans and things, based on the properties of the materials that things are made of.
what do rituals do?
Create/rectify social transformation, maintain social structure, reduce stress, create solidarity
what are Bronislav Maliowski’s ideas about rituals?
when people cant control things, out of psychological stress they turn to magic
(Trobriand islander- used magic when sailing - a hazardous activity)
what are Gennep’s three stages of the rites of passage?
separation- preliminal
transition- liminal
reincorporation- post liminal
what would Durkheim say for the function explaniation of pilgramages?
it brings people together
(Religious festivals promote unity and social solidarity. weld together communities and social strata)
what would Victor Turner say for the functional explanations of pilgrimages?
rite of passage…pilgrimatie is the liminal stage…communitas and egalitarianism
what would carl marx say for the funtional explanaations of pillgrameges
reify ideologies that perpetuate domination and oppression
what are turner’s ideas about the liminal stage?
communitas- bonds formed, differences minimized, betwixt and between, anti-structures-some millennial movements, can be distructive, painful, horror
Note 
Flashcard (116)