Bio Cancer Test QUESTIONS

AHHHHHHHHHH

What are all living things made of?

Cells

If you were to scrape your knee, where do the new skin cells come from?

The skin cells around the wound

What is the smallest unit of structure for all organisms?

The cell

What five properties do all living organisms share?

Cellular organization, metabolism, homeostasis, growth+reproduction, heredity

How do we know something is a living thing?

It has all five basic properties

What are the main parts to a cell?

A surrounding membrane, organelles, nucleus

What is the emergent property of biology? 

In organisms with many cells, the cells all have to work together in order to function

What do the different cells do in multicellular organisms?

Many different jobs

Explain how the DNA moves throughout the process of mitosis.

It goes through the multiple checkpoints to ensure that it works

What is the ultimate outcome of Mitosis?

Two identical daughter cells

What is the purpose of mitosis?

Growth, malfunction, cell death or injury

What is the first step if a cell fails one of the checkpoints?

Try to fix the mistake

If a cell can’t get fixed after it fails a checkpoint, what happens?

Apoptosis

Which cells do apoptosis occur for?

Non-cancerous

What happens to a stem cell that has the gene to produce “heart cell proteins” turned on?

They can do a specific job

Why can cancerous liver cells spread and grow on an individual’s lungs?

They travel through the bloodstream to the lungs

How do cancerous tumors form?

Changes in cells

What do cancerous tumors impact?

Organs, organ systems, and organisms

What are the 3 causes of genetic variation?

Mutations, gene flow, sexual reproduction

When would a substitution mutation be devastating to the protein?

If it is unfinished

What are the 3 causes of mutations?

Inherited, DNA replication, environmental factors

Why are older individuals more likely to be diagnosed with cancer?

They have more chance to make mistakes in mitosis

What are examples of environmental factors that lead to cancer?

Carcinogens, inflammation, radiation

What are types of carcinogens?

Cigarettes, foods, pollution, asbestos

How does crossing over or random assortment lead to genetic variation?

They change the chromosomes

Why would oncogenes be like the a gas pedal in the car analogy?

It controls the genes