respiratory system

functions of the respiratory system

• taking oxygen into the body
• removing CO2 from the body

nose

projection on your face with 2 openings called nares

pharynx

throat

larynx

voice box

trachea

wind pipe

lungs

right lung has 3 lobes or sections, left lung has 2 lobes or sections bc of cardiac notch

bronchi

an extension of the trachea that serves as the central passageway into the lungs

bronchioles

a tiny branch of air tubes in the lungs

alveoli

tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange

naris/nares

nostril/nostrils; openings in the nose

nasal septum

cartilage wall that divides the nose into 2 openings

nasal cavity

hollow space behind and in the nose

sinuses

cavities that surround the nasal area connected to the nasal cavity

epiglottis

the flap of cartilage that opens and closes the larynx

cilia

tiny, hair-like structures that trap any debris coming through the nasal passageway

pleura

a sack that encases the lungs and lines the ribcage, diaphragm, mediastinum, visceral and parietal pleura

ventilation

the process of breathing

inspiration

inhalation- process of breathing oxygen in

• diaphragm and intercoastal muscles contract
• thoracic cavity enlarges, which decreases intrathoracic pressure
• air rushes in

expiration

exhalation- process of breathing CO2 out

• diaphragm and intercoastal muscles relax
• thoracic cavity becomes smaller, which increases pressure
• air is forced out passively, due to pressure change
• other muscles can be used for forced expiration, expelling more air

respiration

• controlled by the respiratory center in the medulla oblogata of the brain
• increased carbon dioxide or decreased oxygen levels in the blood lead to increased respiratory rate

external respiration

gas exchange between lungs and bloodstream

internal respiration

gas exchange between tissue cells and bloodstream

cellular respiration

cells use oxygen and nutrition to produce energy

respiratory rate

the number of breaths per minute; one of the 4 vital signs

common cold

mild URI (upper respiratory infection), contagious, caused by a viral inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the UR system

influenza

highly contagious viral infection of the UR system

pneumonia

inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane with alveolar exudate (fluid buildup)

pleurisy

inflammation of the pleura, impairs lubrication function of the pleura, therefore causes pain when breathing as the lungs inflate against the ribs

tuberculosis

infectious bacterial lung disorder caused by the bacteria microbacterium; TB cells are dormant, waiting on the right time to attack the white blood cells & body

sinusitis

inflammation of the mucous membrane that line the sinuses; most often a viral infection than baterial

rhinitis

inflammation of the nasal cavity

laryngitis

inflammation of the vocal cords

acute bronchitis

early inflammation of the bronchi, usually develops from cold or flu, usually viral

lung cancer

• leading cause of cancer death for men and women
• main cause is exposure to carcinogens in tobacco smoke
• there are different types of lung cancer, with different causes
• all types are hard to detect; the early stages are the most curable stages

asthma

inflammation caused by a sensitivity to an allergen, stress, overexertion, and infection

chronic bronchitis

involves frequent attacks of acute bronchitis, happens over a period of time, including long term smoking

emphysema

noninfectious, chronic respiratory condition that occurs when the walls of the aveoli deteriorate, losing its elasticity

copd

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease caused by repeat illness of acute bronchitis, asthma, long term smoking, and pneumonia

epistaxis

nose bleed; it is important to tilt head forwars so blood does not run down throat

dyspnea

difficulty breathing

sleep apnea

a cessation ot stoppage of breathing while sleeping, caused by chronic sinusitis and the tongue sliding back to block the airway

cystic fibrosis

abnormally thick and sticky mucus causes frequent infections of the respiratory system, scarring of the lungs, and also interferes with digestion

SARS

severe acute respiratory syndrome; contagious and sometimes fatal respiratory illness caused by covid; transmitted through droplets in the air