COMPUTER 10

Input-Process-Output (IPO)

Input-Process-Output (IPO)

a pattern or approach that is widely used in systems analysis for describing the structure of the information processing program or other processes.

Input

any data entered into the computer system

Process

a procedure carried out by the system to provide an output.

Output

serves as the outcome of the process

Computer Program

Is a series of instructions written to perform a specified task on a computer.

Programmer

The person who write, develops and debugs a computer program

Programming

The art and science of creating a computer program.

Programming language

Is a tool that is used by the programmer to communicate with the computer.

Classification of Programming Language

- Machine Language
- Assembly Language
- High-Level Language

Machine Language

uses binary language or machine language. It consists of two numbers, 0 and 1.

Binary Numeral System

represents and processes numbers using binary digits 1 and 0 which represents “on” and “off. This number has 2 as a base.

Decimal Numeral System

most commonly used numeral System in science and commerce which uses 10 different numerals: 0 to 9. This number has 10 as a base.

Assembly Language

uses mnemonics in place of machine codes to simplify the programmer’s way of creating programs

Mnemonics

are memory aids.

High-Level Language

allow programmers to use english commands to carry out instructions. e.g. BASIC, COBOL, FORTRAN.

Interpreter

translates high-level instructions line by line into machine code DURING runtime.

Compiler

translates entire program into machine code BEFORE the program executes

Object-Oriented-Programming (OOP)

high-level programming language that uses GUI-based interfaces. C++, Python, Java, Javascript

System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

process used in creating computer systems. It details the stage by stage development and maintenance of the system.

1. PLANNING
2. REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
3. DESIGN
4. IMPLEMENTATION
5. TESTING and DEBUGGING
6. DEPLOYMENT
7. SUPPORT and MAINTENANCE

Planning

The first stage where the scope of the system is outlined, what solution will be provided, what resources are needed, how long the project will be, and the benefits and end goal of the project is defined.

Requirement Analysis

The requirements of the products will be defined in the form of documentations, procedures, rules, and can be done through interviews, observations or surveys.

Design

On this stage, the platforms, technologies, and the initial architecture(design) of the program is described. This step includes a fair amount of creative work.

Implementation

At this phase, the source code is written according to the design to meet the intended task.

Testing and Debugging

This makes sure that all requirements needed for the software are being strictly followed and created.

Deployment

The process which puts a given software product into use, be it a personal use or business operation.

Support and Maintenance

This is the point where the programmer is tasked to keep the program running smoothly, provide updates and improvements in consideration of trends, developments, and the changes in the field where it is used.

Debugging

the process of fixing errors

installer

ensures quick and easy distribution of the product.

Problem-Solving Process in Programming

1. Identify problem
2. analyze to identify a possible solution
3. solution will be written in an algorithm
4. instructions are entered through coding
5. a compiler will translate the instructions with the help of library
6. the linker combines one or more libraries to produce an executable file
7. processes the code for execution
8. output

library

a collection of resources or routines used by computer programs

algorithm

step by step procedure to solve problems

pseudocode

description of an algorithm using natural language

flowchart

diagram representing the logical sequence in which a combination of steps is to be performed.

terminator

declare the start and end of the flowchart. labeled “start” or “end”

input/output

needs input from the user or output from a process

process

used to process data, normally, composed of mathematical symbols

decision

procedure leads to a comparison, which involves logical or relational operators and questions that are answerable by “Yes“ or “no”

On-page connector

connecting flowchart within same page

Off-Page Connector

connecting flowchart on another page

arrows

declares the flow of the process

visual studio

an IDE created by microsoft that specializes in creating various applications.

IDE

integrated

Menu and Title Bar

houses the major menu items like File, Edit, View, and others. It also houses the search bar, and it is where the name of the application and the name of the program are written.

Toolbar

has the most common action shortcuts and navigation utility used for interacting with Visual Studio.

Toolbox

has a set of tools or controls such as buttons, labels, texts, and the like

Design/Form Window

where the design of the program's interface is done

Solution Explorer

a panel that shows the files of your project

Properties Window

used to display the properties of a selected item in either solution explorer such as a file or a control in the design window.

Output Window

mainly used to observe build progression during project compilation.

Text editor

is where programmers write the code

WriteLine

method used to display a string parameter

Main

method where program controls stars and ends

namespace

collection of classes

//
/* */

characters that convert the rest of the line to a comment