CPL Flashcards Version 02: Timeline, Themes, and Genres in Philippine Literature (Lesson 1-3)

A comprehensive set of vocabulary-style flashcards covering the timeline, themes, genres, able authors, awards, and canon concepts from the provided notes. Cards aim to reinforce key terms and their definitions across the lesson topics.

Pre-Spanish / Pre-colonial period

Period before Spanish contact where literature was primarily transmitted orally rather than in written form.

Oral literatures

Literary forms handed down by mouth, including riddles, proverbs, folk songs, and tales.

Riddles

Oral literary form that involves a battle of wits among participants.

Salawikain

Proverbs; wise sayings that often contain metaphorical meaning.

Hele (Oyayi)

Lullaby; a folk song used to soothe children.

Ambahan

A 7-syllable-per-line Mangyan poem about human relationships and social life.

Kalusan (Iyatan)

Work songs that depict the livelihood and daily activities of the people.

Tagay

Drinking song in Cebuano and Waray traditions.

Kanogan

Cebuano song of lament for the dead.

Folk tales (Myths, Legends, Fables)

Traditional stories: Myths explain origins with supernatural beings; Legends recount origins or events; Fables use animals and allegory to teach lessons.

Myths (traditional)

Narratives involving gods or supernatural beings that explain natural phenomena or origins.

Legends

Traditional stories explaining origins or significant events, often with a basis in local culture.

Fables

Short stories using animals or inanimate objects to teach moral lessons.

Pasyon

Long narrative poem about the passion and death of Christ (Catholic religious literature).

Senakulo

Dramatization of the Pasyon, depicting Christ’s passion and death.

Awit

Secular, chivalric songs; a form of narrative poetry often sung; example: Ibong Adarna.

Korido

Metrical tale written in octosyllabic quatrains; examples include Florante at Laura.

Prose Narratives

Written prose that often prescribes proper decorum or behavior.

Period of Enlightenment

Era highlighting reform and the rise of the Propaganda Movement; gomburza execution.

GOMBURZA

Three priests (Gamboa, Burgos, Zaragosa) executed; symbols of reform and enlightenment in Philippine history.

Propaganda movement

Intellectual-led push for reforms in the Philippines; nurtured by figures like Rizal and Jaena.

American Regime

Period when English was introduced and public schools were established in the Philippines.

Japanese Period

Occupation period that promoted vernacular writing and censored English; Liwayway under surveillance.

Liwayway

A weekly magazine/publication used during the Japanese period; controlled by the occupation authorities.

Rebirth of Freedom

Post-liberation era; independence restored; Palanca Awards launched to honor Filipino writers.

Palanca Awards

National literary honors launched in the 1950s to recognize Filipino writers.

Period of New Society

Martial law era under Ferdinand Marcos; major political and social changes.

Period of Activism

Era characterized by youth involvement and militant literary expression.

Third Republic

Era after the 1983 assassination of Senator Benigno Aquino Sr.; freer, fiery, and critical writing about government.

Post-EDSA

Democracy restored under Corazon Aquino; press freedom revived.

21st Century literature

Contemporary era with diverse resources, including online platforms like Wattpad.

Wattpad

Online writing platform that popularized youth writing in the 2000s, especially in the Philippines.

Theme

Fundamental or universal idea explored in a literary work; the underlying message.

Main idea

What the story is primarily about; a concise summary of the plot.

Love (common theme)

Explores romantic, familial, or platonic forms of love and related conflicts and sacrifices.

Redemption

Character’s journey toward atonement, forgiveness, or personal transformation.

Courage

Facing fear or adversity with resolve; acting bravely despite fear.

Perseverance

Continued effort in spite of difficulties or delays.

Good vs Evil

Eternal struggle highlighting morality and ethical choices.

Coming of Age

Journey from youth to adulthood; growth and self-discovery.

Revenge

Plot motive where a character seeks to avenge wrongs; moral complexities may be explored.

Prose

Written or spoken language following natural speech patterns; not verse.

Fiction

Literary works created from the imagination rather than factual records.

Non-Fiction

Literary works based on factual events and real people intended to inform or educate.

Novela

A long fictional prose narrative with complex characters and plots.

Novella

A shorter fictional prose work, longer than a short story but shorter than a novel.

Short Story

Brief fictional narrative focusing on a single event or incident.

Legend

Fictionalized tale often with some factual basis used to explain beliefs or heroic deeds.

Myth

Traditional story involving gods or supernatural beings explaining natural phenomena or origins.

Fable

Short tale with a moral, often using anthropomorphic animals.

Parable

A brief story illustrating a moral or spiritual lesson, usually with realistic human characters.

Elements of Fiction

Core components: Characters, Setting, Plot, Point of View, and Conflict.

Conflict types

Man vs Man, Man vs Nature, Man vs Society, Man vs Self, Man vs Technology, Man vs Supernatural.

Point of View (POV)

Narrative perspective: First person, Second person, or Third person.

First Person POV

Narrator uses I/we; narrator is a character in the story.

Second Person POV

Narrator addresses the reader as you.

Third Person POV

Narrator is outside the story; refers to characters by name.

Theme (non-fiction)

Underlying message or central idea conveyed through factual writing.

Non-Fiction Subgenres

Autobiography, Memoir, Biography, Essay, Diary, Journal.

Poetry

Literary genre using rhythm, sound, and imagery; often written in lines and stanzas.

Narrative Poetry

Poetry that tells a story with characters, plot, and setting.

Epic

Long narrative poem about heroic journeys and significant deeds.

Ballad

Narrative poem, originally set to music, telling dramatic, emotional stories.

Lyric Poetry

Poetry expressing personal emotions or thoughts, often musical and brief.

Ode

Formal, exalted lyric poem praising a person, idea, or object.

Elegy

Poem expressing grief or lament for the dead.

Sonnet

14-line poem with a specific rhyme scheme and structure, often about love or philosophy.

Dramatic Poetry

Poetry written in the voice of a character or characters for theatrical effect.

Drama

Literary genre presenting a story through dialogue and action on stage or screen.

Subgenres of Drama

Tragedy, Comedy, Melodrama, Musical.

Electronic Literature

Literary works created or enhanced by digital technologies, including hypertext and interactivity.

Graphic Literature

Literature using images and text to convey narratives (e.g., comics, manga).

Hypertext Fiction

Fiction that uses hyperlinks to create non-linear reading paths.

Interactive Fiction (RPGs)

Video game or RPG where players influence outcomes and endings.

Hypertext Poetry

Poetry that uses hyperlinks to offer multiple reading contexts.

Code Poetry

Poetry created using computer code or programming concepts.

Visual / Concrete Poetry

Poetry where the layout or typography forms a visual image.

Japanese Manga

Graphic novels from Japan, often serialized.

Comic Strip

Short, humorous sequential comic published in magazines or newspapers.

Blog

Weblog; online journal or discussion platform.

Chick Lit

Literature focusing on empowering women and feminine experiences.

Speculative Fiction

Fiction exploring possible futures, including sci-fi and fantasy.

Flash Fiction

Very short fiction, often under 1,000 words.

LGBT Themed Literature

Literature centered on LGBT life and experiences.

Francisco Balagtas

Prominent Filipino poet known for contributing to Filipino literature; Balagtas is celebrated as a master of Tagalog poetry.

Lualhati Bautista

Author known for works critiquing martial law and advocating strong female protagonists.

Edith Tiempo

Poet, fictionist, critic; founded Siliman Writers’ Workshop; influential English-language Filipino writer.

Jose Gracia Villa (Doveglion)

Contemporary Filipino poet known for innovative rhyme and provocative poetry.

Rolando Tinio

National Artist for Theater and Literature; influential translator and writer.

Nicomedes (Nick) Joaquin

National Artist renowned for English-language Filipino fiction and critical essays; coined ‘Joaquinesque’ style.

Ramon Muzones

Hiligaynon-language writer who popularized Hiligaynon literature; National Artist.

NVM Gonzales

Nestor Vicente Madali Gonzales; noted fictionist, poet, and educator who depicted Filipino life.

Amado V. Hernandez

Writer of committed art; socially conscious poetry, drama, and novels.

Francisco Arcellana Gagalangin

Pioneer of the modern Filipino short story in English; lyrical, prose-poetic style.

Francisco Sionil Jose

Author and publisher; foundational figure in Philippine literature; his works translated widely.

Canon (literary)

A collection of representative works considered essential in a genre or period.

National Artist for Literature (criteria)

Highest national honor for Filipino artists; significant contributions to culture and national identity.

Carlos P. Romulo

National Artist; journalist and diplomat; first Asian president of the UN General Assembly; Pulitzer Prize winner.

Carlos P. Romulo’s I Saw the Fall of the Philippines

Memoir reflecting patriotism and sacrifice in the face of oppression.

Lazaro Francisco

Social realist writer known as the ‘Master of Tagalog Novel.’