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Adams-Onís Florida Purchase Treaty—1819
Spain ceded Florida to the US for $5 million, setting boundaries and relinquishing claims.
Andrew Jackson in Florida—1818
Jackson exceeded authority in Florida, leading to tensions and concessions from Spain.
Tallmadge Amendment—1819
Aimed to block Missouri's slave state admission, raising concerns about slavery in the Louisiana Territory.
Missouri Compromise—1820
Balanced North and South interests, allowing Missouri as a slave state and Maine as free.
Stephen Austin—Texas
Austin led American settlers to Texas, facing tensions with Mexico over slavery and self-governance.
Texas War for Independence—1836
Houston led Texan rebellion, leading to treaties and delayed annexation to the US.
Manifest Destiny
Belief in US expansion to the Pacific driven by land hunger, trade needs, democracy spread, power, and markets.
Settlement of the Oregon Country
Missionaries and settlers solidified American claim to Oregon in the 1840s.
The Election of 1844
Polk's victory led to Texas annexation, contrasting Clay's stance on the issue.
54°40’ or Fight!
Polk's proposal to acquire Oregon up to 54°40’, settled at the 49th parallel in 1846.
President Polk
Achieved tariff reduction, independent treasury, California acquisition, and Oregon settlement.
Treaty of 1818
Established US-Canada boundary at the 49th parallel and shared Newfoundland fisheries.
54°40′/ Russo-American Treaty—1824
Monroe Doctrine success with Russia halting expansion at 54°40’.
British Claims to Oregon
Based on prior exploration and occupation, British had strong claims in Oregon.
American Claims to Oregon
US claims based on exploration, occupation, and population influx in the 1840s.
Texas Annexation—1845
Annexation faced North-South disagreements over slavery expansion.
John Slidell’s Mission to Mexico
Attempted California purchase failed due to Mexican refusal and Texas issues.
Polk’s War Message
Polk sought war declaration over Mexico's actions, leading to the Mexican-American War.
Lincoln’s Spot Resolutions
Lincoln questioned the war's precise cause, highlighting disputed American soil.
John C
Frémont proclaimed the Bear Flag Republic in California in 1846.
Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott in Mexico
Taylor and Scott's victories in Mexico led to the end of the war.
Nicholas P
Trist's treaty confirmed US title to Texas and acquired California.
California and the 49ers
Gold discovery in California led to a rush of settlers and statehood application.
Wilmot Proviso—1846
Attempted to block slavery in Mexican territory, reflecting Northern concerns.
Free Soil Party—1848
Formed by antislavery forces, advocating for the Wilmot Proviso and homestead act.
Popular Sovereignty
Cass's doctrine allowed territories to decide slavery, appealing to democratic principles.
The Compromise of 1850
Clay's compromise addressed California statehood, territories, and slavery issues.
Fugitive Slave Law of 1850
Part of the Compromise, it enforced harsh measures against fleeing slaves and their helpers.
The Aroostook War
Conflict in the early 1840s between Britain and Maine over the Aroostook River Valley, where both sides claimed ownership for strategic and economic reasons, leading to clashes between lumberjacks and local militias.
Battle of Maps & the Webster-Ashburton Treaty—1842
Resolution of the lumberjack dispute through the Webster-Ashburton Treaty, which gave the British less land but secured the Halifax-Quebec route, based on ancient maps that showed each side's entitlement to parts of the disputed territory, leading to a compromise accepted by both parties.