Studied by 13 people
Everything about tissues covered in Ms. Liberty's class. Test on 1/5/2023
Define tissue
A group of cells that work together to carry out a specific function
Is tissue living?
Yes
What is a gland?
Organ/specialized cells that produce secretions
Exocrine glands
Secrete out of the body (i.e. sweat), have ducts and tubes
Endocrine glands
Secrete hormones directly into tissue and is taken into bloodstream
Four types of tissue
Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
What is epithelial tissue for?
Covering
What is connective tissue for?
Support
What is muscle tissue for?
Movement
What is nervous tissue for?
Control
Define zygote
Result of fertilization
What are the stages of embryonic development?
Zygote→morula→blastula→gastrula
What are the 3 germ primary layers of tissue?
Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
Where is epithelial tissue found?
Covers the body’s surface and in the lining of hollow organs (i.e. urinary bladder, stomach, mouth, vagina)
How is epithelial tissue classified?
By cell shape and number of layers
Define the word part “pseudo”
Fake
What are the 4 cell shapes of epithelial tissue?
Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional
Define squamous
Flat
Define cuboidal
Square
Define columnar
Rectangular
Define transitional
Can change shapes
Define simple
1 layer
Define stratified
2 or more layers
Define pseudostratified
Looks like 2+ layers but is only 1
What are cilia?
Hair like projections made up of cytoskeleton
What are the functions of cilia?
To move and trap things
What tissue is cilia found on?
Pseudostratified columnar
What are microvilli?
Small projections
What is the function of microvilli?
To increase surface area
What surface of epithelial cells are microvilli found on?
Apical surface
What do goblet cells produce?
Mucus
What kind of gland make up goblet cells?
Exocrine
Where are goblet cells found?
Respiratory and digestive passages
True or false: transitional epithelium can be stretched
True
What is the only cell shape that can be pseudostratified?
Columnar
What are all epithelium attached to?
Basement membrane
Is the basement membrane a cellular or an acellular structure?
Acellular
What are the surfaces of an epithelial cell?
Apical surface and basal surface
What cell shape is best for absorption?
Squamous
Function and location of simple squamous epithelium
Function: diffusion of selective gases/molecules
Location: air sacs, blood vessels, parts of kidney
Function and location of simple cuboidal epithelium
Function: protection, secretion
Location: kidney tubles, excretory ducts
Function and location of simple columnar epithelium
Function: absorption, protection
Location: GI tract
Function and location of stratified squamous epithelium
Function: protection
Location: lining of mouth, esophagus, tongue
Function and location of stratified cuboidal epithelium
Function: protection of cells/tissues
Location: sweat gland ducts
Function and location of stratified columnar epithelium
Function: protection, secretion
Location: pharynx, excretory
Function and location of pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Function: transport trapped particles, filtering
Location: nasal cavity, windpipe, bronchi
Function and location of transitional epithelium
Function: stretch, contract, expand
Location: urinary bladder
How can you identify pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
Nuclei are on different levels
What are stem cells?
Cells with no specific function that can become specialized cells and divide rapidly
Define “vas-”
Tube
Define “chondro-”
Cartilage
What is the word that means “the production of blood cells?”
Hemopoiesis/hematopoiesis
What two main things make up connective tissue?
Cells and the matrix
Name the types of cells found in connective tissue
Adipocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes, fibroblasts
What cells make up nervous tissue?
Neurons (nerve cell) and neuroglia
Lumen
Hollow space in a cell
Molecule that makes bones hard
Hydroxyapatite (calcium + phosphate)
What is the matrix made up of?
Ground substance and fibers
Types of fibers
Elastic, collagen, reticular
Types of dense connective tissue
Dense regular CT, dense irregular CT, elastic CT
What type of cell makes up dense CT?
Fibroblasts
Location of dense regular CT
Ligaments + tendons
Location of dense irregular CT
Dermis
What does collagen do?
Makes skin/bone strong
Functions of bone tissue
Support, protect, hemopoeisis, storage + production of bone marrow
Two types of bones
Compact bone and spongy bone
Where does hemopoeisis occur?
In spongy bone
Function of osteoblasts
Builds bone matrix
Function of osteoclasts
Resorbs bone matrix
Function of osteocytes
Maintain bone matrix
Function of osteogenic cells
Makes all bone cells
Molecule found in adipose tissue
Triglycerides
Functions of adipose tissue
Heat insulator, protective padding to joints + organs
Location of reticular CT
Spleen, liver
Types of muscle tissue
Smooth, skeletal, cardiac
What type of muscle is not striated?
Smooth muscle
Location of areolar CT
Between muscles
Types of cartilage tissue
Fibrocartilage, elastic, hyaline
Strongest and weakest type of cartilage
Fibrocartilage is the strongest, hyaline is the weakest
Location of fibrocartilage
Intervertebral discs
Location of elastic cartilage
Framework of outer ears
Location of hyaline cartilage
Between bones, respiratory passage, flexible part of nasal septum
What connective tissue has fibroblasts?
Areolar
Characteristics of cardiac muscle
Contains intercalated discs, striated, involuntary
Characteristics of smooth muscle
Moves food through GI track, lack striations, involuntary
Characteristics of skeletal muscle
Striated, voluntary, attached to bones
What does nervous tissue do?
Coordinates, regulates, and integrates body functions
Note 
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