CHAPTER 2: Internet of Things

Kevin Ashton

Who is the father of the Internet of Things (IoT)?

True

TRUE OR FALSE. The first telemetry system was rolled out in Chicago way back in 1912.

True

TRUE OR FALSE. The first telemetry system was said to have used telephone lines to monitor data from power plants.

Radiosonde

Telemetry expanded to weather monitoring in the 1930s, when a device known as a ____ became widely used to monitor weather conditions from balloons.

Sputnik, Space race

In 1957, the Soviet Union launched ___ and with it, the ____. These have been the entry of aerospace telemetry that created the basis of our global satellite communications today.

Supervisory control and data acquisition

Define SCADA.

1980s

In what year has the M2M technology began with wired connections for SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) on the factory floor and in home and business security systems?

1990s

In what year has ADEMCO built their private radio network to address intrusion and smoke detection?

1995

In what year has Siemens introduced the first cellular module built for M2M?

Machine-to-machine communications

Define M2M.

Internet of Things (IoT)

It comprises things that have unique identities and are connected to the Internet.

Configuration, control, networking

The focus on IoT is in the ___, ___, and ___ via the internet of devices or “things” that are traditionally not associated with the internet.

Internet of Things (IoT)

It is a new revolution in the capabilities of the endpoints that are connected to the internet.

False

(Explanation: The scope of IoT is not limited to connecting things to the internet. IoT also allows these things to communicate and exchange data.)

TRUE OR FALSE. The scope of IoT is limited to connecting things (devices, appliances, and machines) to the internet.

Internet of Things (IoT)

It is the network of physical objects or “things” embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity, which enables these objects to collect and exchange data.

True

TRUE OR FALSE. The IoT can be viewed as a global infrastructure for the information society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on existing and evolving interoperable information and communication technologies (ICT).

Thing

In the context of Internet of Things (IoT), it refers to an entity or physical object that has a unique identifier, an embedded system, and the ability to transfer data over a network.

True

TRUE OR FALSE. A “thing” collects useful data with the help of various existing technologies and then autonomously flows the data between other devices.

Desktops, tablets, cellphones

____, ____, and ____ remain integral parts of IoT as the command center and remotes.

Desktop

STANDARD DEVICES IN IoT. Determine what device is being described below.

It provides the user with the highest level of control over the system and its settings.

Tablet

STANDARD DEVICES IN IoT. Determine what device is being described below.

It provides access to the key features of the system in a way resembling the desktop, and also acts as a remote.

Cellphone

STANDARD DEVICES IN IoT. Determine what device is being described below.

It allows some essential settings modification and also provides remote functionality.

Collect, communicate, analyze, act

What is the lifecycle of the Internet of Things (IoT)?

Collection

IoT LIFE CYCLE. Determine what part of the lifecycle is being described below.

Devices and sensors are collecting data everywhere.

Communication

IoT LIFE CYCLE. Determine what part of the lifecycle is being described below.

Sending data and events through networks to some destination

Analysis

IoT LIFE CYCLE. Determine what part of the lifecycle is being described below.

Creating information from the data (i.e. visualizing the data, building reports, filtering data)

Action

IoT LIFE CYCLE. Determine what part of the lifecycle is being described below.

Taking action based on the information and data

Radio-frequency identification

Define RFID.

Radio-frequency identification (RFID)

It is used to identify and track the data of things.

Sensor

It is used to collect and process data to detect the changes in the physical status of things.

Smart technology

It is used to enhance the power of the network by developing processing capabilities to different parts of the network.

Nano technology

It is used to make smaller things have the ability to connect and interact.

True

TRUE OR FALSE. The IoT can be viewed as a gigantic network consisting of devices and computers connected through a series of intermediate technologies.

Tagging things

STRUCTURE OF IoT. Determine what type of “thing” is being described below.

Real-time item traceability and addressability by radio-frequency identification(s) (RFIDs)

Feeling things

STRUCTURE OF IoT. Determine what type of “thing” is being described below.

Sensors act as primary devices to collect data from the environment.

Shrinking things

STRUCTURE OF IoT. Determine what type of “thing” is being described below.

Miniaturization and nanotechnology has provoked the ability of smaller things to interact and connect within the “things” or “smart devices”.

Thinking things

STRUCTURE OF IoT. Determine what type of “thing” is being described below.

Embedded intelligence in devices through sensors has formed the network connection to the Internet. It can make the “things” realize the intelligent control.

True

TRUE OR FALSE. The Internet appears everywhere in the world.

False

(Explanation: In M2M communication, devices do not necessarily rely on an Internet connection. Instead, they use cellular or wired networks.)

TRUE OR FALSE. In machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, devices require an active internet connection.

True

TRUE OR FALSE. Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication has limited integrated options as devices must have corresponding communication standards.

Interconnectivity
Heterogeneity
Dynamic changes
Enormous scale

Enumerate the four (4) fundamental characteristics of the Internet of Things (IoT).

Interconnectivity

FUNDAMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF IoT. Determine what characteristic of IoT is being described below.

With regards to the Internet of Things (IoT), anything can be interconnected with the global information and communication infrastructure.

Heterogeneity

FUNDAMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF IoT. Determine what characteristic of IoT is being described below.

The devices in the IoT are based on different hardware platforms and networks. They can interact with other devices or service platforms through different networks.

Dynamic changes

FUNDAMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF IoT. Determine what characteristic of IoT is being described below.

The state of devices change dynamically, e.g., sleeping and waking up, connected and/or disconnected, as well as the context of devices including location and speed.

Enormous scale

FUNDAMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF IoT. Determine what characteristic of IoT is being described below.

The number of devices that need to be managed and communicate with each other will be at least an order of magnitude larger than the devices connected to the current Internet.

Enormous scale

FUNDAMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF IoT. Determine what characteristic of IoT is being described below.

The ratio of communication triggered by devices as compared to communication triggered by humans will noticeable shift towards device-triggered communication.

Smart Egg Tray (or Egg Minder)

APPLICATIONS OF IoT. It syncs with your smartphone to tell you how many eggs you’ve got at home (up to 14) and when they’re going bad.

Smart

APPLICATIONS OF IoT. It is the first Indesit Company washing machine designed to be integrated in “smart” ecosystems, covering a wide range of use cases.

Smart lighting

APPLICATIONS OF IoT. It can control your bulbs one at a time or pick a perfect tone to match the moment.

Smart A/C

APPLICATIONS OF IoT. It learns from your budget, location, schedule, and usage to automatically maintain the perfect temperature and maximize savings for your home.

Smart sleep system

APPLICATIONS OF IoT. It visualizes your sleep cycles, understand what wakes you up, and compare nights. You can also control your personalized wake-up and fall-asleep programs.

Smart weather station

APPLICATIONS OF IoT. It allows you to use indoor temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 readings to live in a healthier home.

Smart garbage cans

APPLICATIONS OF IoT. It alerts when it needs to be emptied so smarter garbage collection decisions can be made.

Smart gardening

APPLICATIONS OF IoT. Bitponics gives data on plants and conditions surrounding them for better gardening.

Logistic
Product design
Warehouse
Manufacturing

Enumerate the four (4) aspects of supply chain management.

Integrated Application
Information Processing
Network Construction
Sensing and Identification

Enumerate the four aspects of Internet of Things (IoT) Architecture.

Smart grid
Green building
Smart Transport
Environmental monitor

In IoT Architecture, enumerate the four (4) examples of integrated application mentioned in the module.

Data center
Search engine
Smart decision
Information security
Data mining

In IoT Architecture, enumerate the five (5) examples of information processing mentioned in the module.

WWAN
WMAN
WPAN
WLAN
Internet

In IoT Architecture, enumerate the five (5) examples of network construction mentioned in the module.

GPS
Smart Device
RRD
Sensors

In IoT Architecture, enumerate the four (4) examples of sensing and identification mentioned in the module.

Hardware (device)
Communication technology
Protocols for IoT
Software (IDE)
Cloud platforms

Enumerate the five (5) examples of IoT technologies mentioned in the module.

CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol)
MQTT (Message Queue Telemetry Transport)
XMPP (Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol)
6LoWPAN (Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks)

Enumerate the four (4) protocols in IoT Technologies mentioned in the module.

Connectivity
Power management
Security
Rapid evolution

Enumerate the four (4) challenges of the Internet of Things (IoT) mentioned in the module.

Security

ISSUES RAISED BY THE IoT. Determine what issue is being described below.

Poorly secured IoT devices and services can serve as potential entry points for cyber attack and expose user data to theft by leaving data streams inadequately protected.

Security

ISSUES RAISED BY THE IoT. Determine what issue is being described below.

Developers and users of IoT devices and systems have a collective obligation to ensure they do not expose users and the Internet itself to potential harm.

Privacy rights and respect for user privacy expectations

These are integral to ensuring user trust and confidence in the Internet, connected devices, and related services.

Privacy

ISSUES RAISED BY THE IoT. Determine what issue is being described below.

IoT amplifies concerns about the potential for increased surveillance and tracking, difficulty in being able to opt out of certain data collection, and the strength of aggregating IoT data streams to paint detailed digital portraits of users.

Interoperability/standards

ISSUES RAISED BY THE IoT. Determine what issue is being described below.

While this is not always feasible or necessary, purchases may be hesitant to buy IoT products and services if there is integration inflexibility, high ownership complexity, and concern over vendor lock-in.

Interoperability/standards

ISSUES RAISED BY THE IoT. Determine what issue is being described below.

Poorly designed and configurated IoT devices may have negative consequences for the networking resources they connect to and the broader Internet.

Legal, regulatory, and rights

ISSUES RAISED BY THE IoT. Determine what issue is being described below.

This includes the conflict between law enforcement surveillance and civil rights, data retention and destruction policies, legal liability for unintended uses, and security breaches or privacy lapses.

Emerging economy and development issues

ISSUES RAISED BY THE IoT. Determine what issue is being described below.

IoT holds significant promise for delivering social and economic benefits to emerging and developing economies. This includes areas such as sustainable agriculture, water quality and use, healthcare, industrialization, and environmental management, among others.

Emerging economy and development issues

ISSUES RAISED BY THE IoT. Determine what issue is being described below.

The unique needs and challenges of implementation in less-developed regions will need to be addressed, including infrastructure readiness, market and investment incentives, technical skill requirements, and policy resources.

Security
Privacy
Interoperability/standards
Legal, regulatory, and rights
Emerging economy and development issues

Enumerate the five (5) issues that are raised by the Internet of Things (IoT) mentioned in the module.