Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
What are the 4 groups of protozoa
Amoeba
Ciliates
Flagellates
Sporozoan
Is protozoa an unicellular organism
yes
What are the 3 groups that have motility organelles
pseudopods
flagellae
cilia
What is pseudopods
false feet
Which protozoa group is related to pseudopods
amoebae
What is flagellae
whip-like structures
Which protozoa group is related to flagellae
flagellates
What is cilia
short, hair-like structures
Which protozoa group is related to cilia
ciliates
What are the two stages or forms for protozoa
trophozoite
cyst
What is trophozoite
active, motile, feeding form that reproduces
What does trophozoite indicate
active infection
Where is trophozoite mostly seen in
loose or watery stools
What is cyst
rigid, survival form
What does cyst indicate
inactive infection or carrier state
Where is cyst mostly seen in
formed stools
What is the most common specimen for protozoa
stool
What are some other specimens for protozoa
urogenital
CSF
lung, liver, or brain abscess
corneal scrapings
Are trichrome smear required to identify the amoebae
yes
What does Entamoeba. histolytica cause
amebic dysentery
Dysenteric bowel disease
Is Entamoeba. histolytica pathogenic
yes
What are the symptoms of Entamoeba. histolytica
Bloody diarrhea, sometimes cramping
Lower abdominal pain
Low-grade fever
What are the Mechanism of invasion for Entamoeba. histolytica
Adherence to mucous layer of intestine
Disruption of the intestinal barrier by enzyme secretion
Invasion of epithelial cells
Lysis of intestinal epithelial cells
Invasion of deeper layers of mucosa
is Entamoeba. histolytica mostly asymptomatic
yes
What is the incubation period for Dysenteric bowel disease cause by E. histolytica
of 1-4 weeks, large bowel lesions, Flask-shaped ulcers
What are the characteristics of Troph (trophozoite) in Entamoeba histolytica/dispar
progressive, directional motility
engulfed RBCs
one nucleus
fine, regular peripheral chromatin
central karyosome
(15-25um)
What are the characteristics of Cyst in Entamoeba histolytica/dispar
up to 4 nuclei
smooth, rounded chromatoid body-- “cigar body”
(10-20um)
E. histolytica Cyst
E. histolytica Trichrome (trop)
Entamoeba histolytica Cyst: trichrome smear
Cyst: Iodine prep
Is Entamoeba hartmanni Nonpathogenic
yes
Is Entamoeba hartmanni smaller than E. histolytica
yes
What are the characteristics of Cyst in Entamoeba hartmanni
5-10 μm
One to four nuclei (frequently just two nuclei seen)
Cigar-shaped chromatoidal body
Eccentric karyosome
What are the characteristics of Troph (trophozoite) in Entamoeba hartmanni
Single pseudopod
4-12 μm
Eccentric karyosome
Uneven peripheral chromatin
Finely granular cytoplasm
E . hartmanni Trophozoite and Cyst(A)
What are the characteristics of Troph (trophozoite) in Entamoeba coli
15-50um)
nondirectional motility
engulfs bacteria or yeast
one nucleus
coarse, irregular peripheral chromatin
eccentric karyosome
What are the characteristics of Cyst in Entamoeba coli
15-25um)
round
up to 8 nuclei
splintered chromatoid body
Is Entamoeba coli Nonpathogenic
yes
Which of the Entamoeba species are Nonpathogenic
E. dispar
E. coli
E. hartmanni
Endolimax nana
Iodamoeba butschlii
Blastocystis hominis
Entamoeba coli ( Cyst: Trichrome smear)
Entamoeba coli ( Cyst: iodine prep)
What are the characteristics of Cyst in ENDOLIMAX NANA
(5-12um)
oval to ellipsoidal
4 nuclei if mature
What are the characteristics of Troph in ENDOLIMAX NANA
(5-12um): No
peripheral chromatin
& large karyosome
What are the characteristics of Troph in IODAMOEBA BUTSCHLII
(6-
20um)
one nucleus
no peripheral
chromatin
large, eccentric
karyosome surrounded
by granules
What are the characteristics of Cyst in IODAMOEBA BUTSCHLII
(6-15um)
one nucleus
large, glycogen-
filled vacuole
clear on trichrome
stains rust-brown in
iodine wet prep
What organism are EXTRA-INTESTINAL
AMOEBAE
Naegleria fowleri
Acanthamoeba
spp.
Where do Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba spp. live in
soil and water
How can a person get infected by Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba spp.
Infection acquired by direct contact with
contaminated water---lakes, ponds,
swimming pools
What are the infections for NAEGLERIA FOWLERI
Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis
mimics bacterial meningitis
rapidly fatal (within 1 week of symptoms)
How is NAEGLERIA FOWLERI transmission
moeba in water is inhaled
& enters nasal mucosa, then spreads via
olfactory nerve to the brain and CNS
According to the CDC: “You cannot get infected
from drinking water contaminated
with Naegleria. You can only be infected when
contaminated water goes up into your nose.”
What kinds of infections do ACANTHAMOEBA SPP.
ulcer/keratitis
GAE- Granulomatous Amoebic
Encephalitis
What is GAE- Granulomatous Amoebic
Encephalitis
spreads via blood from skin or lungs to CNS
occurs in the debilitated/immunosuppressed
usually slow, chronic (incubation may be months to
years), but often fatal infection
What are the characteristics of Cyst in ACANTHAMOEBAE
15-20 μm
Spherical, double walled with a wrinkled appearance
What are the characteristics of Troph in ACANTHAMOEBA
10-45 μm
Spiny pseudopodia
Single nucleus with central prominent endosome
What organism are INTESTINAL
FLAGELLATES
Giardia
Dientamoeba fragilis
Trichomonas
vaginalis
Chilomastix mesnili
Pentatrichomonas
hominis
How does INTESTINAL FLAGELLATES transmit
most by ingestion of cysts in contaminated food
or water
some may be sexually transmitted
one probably ingested with helminth eggs
Which organisms are Pathogenic flagellates
Giardia lamblia
Which organisms are Nonpathogenic, commensal flagellates
Chilomastix mesnili
Pentatrichomonas hominis