Cell Organelles

Nucleus

Controls cell activities; stores DNA; site of transcription

Nucleolus

Found inside the nucleus; makes ribosomes

Ribosomes

Make proteins (translation of mRNA to polypeptide)

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Folds and modifies proteins made by attached ribosomes; sends them to Golgi

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Makes lipids and hormones; detoxifies substances (e.g. in liver cells)

Golgi Apparatus

Packages, sorts and modifies proteins for export or use

Vesicles

Transport proteins or other materials between organelles or to the membrane

Lysosomes

Digests cellular waste or damaged organelles (contains enzymes)

Peroxisomes

Break down toxic substances (like hydrogen peroxide)

Chloroplasts (plants only)

Site of photosynthesis (makes glucose from light)

Vacuole

Stores water, nutrients and waste
In plants, large central vacuole for support
In animals, smaller, temporary

Plasma Membrane

Controls what enters and leaves the cell (selectively permeable)

Cell Wall (plants, fungi, bacteria)

Rigid structure outside membrane; gives support and protection
Made of cellulose in plants

Cytoskeleton

Supports cell shape; helps organelles move; used in cell division

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like fluid (cytosol + organelles) where most reactions occur

Centrioles (animal cells only)

Help with cell division (spindle formation during mitosis)

Mitochondria

Makes ATP (energy) through cellular respiration