DMF-Integumentary system Part 2 (vitamin d synthesis until medical terms)

Fat soluble vitamins (4)

ADEK

- Vitamins A, D, E, K

Water soluble vitamins are readily screted by what organ?

Kidney

Water soluble vitamins (2)

Vitamins B and C

Two other terms for vitamin d

1. Calciferol

2. Sunshine vitamin

Board Question: Vitamin D synthesis starts in what organ?

Skin

During Vitamin D synthesis the activated molecule that goes to the liver will be converted to

Calcidol

During Vitamin D synthesis calcidol goes to the kidney and is converted to

Calcitriol

active form of vitamin D

calcitriol

Board Question: Active form of vitamin D (aside from calcitriol)

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol

Calcitriol allows calcium absorption where?

Intestines

In vitamin D synthesis what is the molecule found in our skin?

7-dehydrocholesterol

Vit d deficiency before closure of epiphyseal plate

Rickets

Vit d deficiency after closure of epiphyseal plate

Osteomalacia

feature of rickets

Bowleg appearance

Other term for bowleg appearance

Saber shin appearance

Aside from rickets, Bowleg appearance can also be associated with

Congenital syphilis

causative agent of syphilis

Treponema pallidum

What two types of vitamin d can we get from food?

Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3

Vitamin D2

ergocalciferol

Vitamin D3

cholecalciferol

Vitamin D3 is seen in

Animals

Vitamind D2 is seen in

Plants

Sensitive skin when exposed to light rays, especially UV rays

Photosensitivity

3 drugs with photosensitivity as their side effect

TIN

Tetracycline

Ibuprofen

Naproxen

Most common skin cancer

basal cell carcinoma

Most common skin cancer in the ORAL CAVITY

Squamous cell carcinoma

Second most common skin cancer

squamous cell carcinoma

Most common location of basal cell carcinoma

Mid face

Basal cell carcinoma are common to

Farmers

Squamous cell carcinoma most common location

Lower lip

Most common intraoral location of SCC

Posterolateral border of the tongue

Histological feature if SCC

Kerarin pearls

Locally invasive slow growing tumor that rarely metastasizes

Basal cell carcinoma

Once basal cell carcinoma metastasizes it is usually already at what stage

Stage IV

Malignancy of the cells found in the stratum basale

Basal cell carcinoma

True or false: Basal cell carcinoma is a slow growing tumor that does not metastasize

False, basal cell carcinoma is a slow growing tumor that rarely metastasizes BUT HAS THE CAPABILITY TO METASTASIZE.

Board Question: Keratin pearls are seen in what tumor?

Squamous cell carcinoma

3 basic/general types of skin cancer

1. BCC

2. SCC

3. Melanoma

Deadliest skin cancer because of high metastasic rate

Melanoma

Tumor of melanocytes

melanoma

2 growth patterns of melanoma

1. Radial growth (horizontal)

2. Vertical growth

Growth pattern of melanoma that is the deadly type

Vertical type

2 common sources of metastasis

1. Blood vessels

2. Lymphatic vessels

Clinical features of melanoma (5)

ABCDE

Asymmetry (irregular shape)

Border (irregular border)

Color (irregular color)

Diameter (larger than ordinary mole- >6mm)

Evolving (changes in size, shape, color)

Assesses the percentage of burnt body part

Rule of 9

Board Question: Chronic skin lesion located in the inner canthus of the eye?

A. BCC

B. SCC

C. Melanoma

Answer: A (Basal cell carcinoma)

Explanation:

- chronic means long standing and BCC is a slow growing tumor.

- inner canthus of the eye is located in the midface area and the most common location of BCC is the midface

Warts are usually associated with

Virus

Most common virus associated with warts

HPV (human papillomavirus)

Other term for common wart

Verruca Vulgaris

Causative agent of Verruca Vulgaris

HPV

To diagnose a cyst, you have to do what?

Biopsy

Elevation of skin less than 10 mm in diameter and have Nipple like projections

Papule

Elevation in skin greater than 10mm in diameter

Nodule

Nodules have what kind of structure?

Dome like structure

Dome shaped muscle?

diaphragm

Diaphragm is innervated by what nerve

phrenic nerve

Main muscle for respiration

diaphragm

Fluid filled lesion in epidermis to dermis

Blister

Large blister with fluid (greater than 5mm)

Bula/bulae

Small blister with fluid (less than 5mm)

Vesicle

Fluid filled/Semi fluid filled/Air filled lesions with developed "epithelial" wall

Cyst

Common lining of cyst?

Stratified squamous

Reddened, elevated, itchy patches of skin usually seen in allergic reactions

Hives

Itching

pruritus

Causative agent of cervical cancer

HPV