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What is urbanization?
Development of dense population settlements.
When did agriculture enable early cities?
Neolithic Period (around 10,000 BCE).
What drove urbanization in the Industrial Revolution?
Factory jobs attracted rural populations.
What percentage of the world lives in urban areas?
55% (and growing).
Define an urban area.
City and surrounding suburbs.
What is a rural area?
Low population density, often agricultural.
What is a metropolitan area?
City and its economically/culturally influenced region.
Define a city's site.
Actual physical location of a settlement.
Define a city's situation.
Connections between a site and other sites.
What are site factors?
Landforms, climate, water, soil, resources.
How do natural resources affect city sites?
Resources like minerals attract settlements.
How do transportation systems affect city sites?
Harbors, rivers, and trade routes attract settlements.
What is a fall line?
Boundary between upland and coastal plain.
How did fall lines help industrial cities?
Water power from rivers fueled factories.
How does a city's situation influence its growth?
Access to trade and resources fuels growth.
How did the Erie Canal change city situations?
Favored NYC over other port cities.
How did railroads influence city situations?
Created new trade hubs like Omaha and Novosibirsk.
How did transportation influence urban growth?
Facilitated movement of goods and people.
How did communication advances affect cities?
Telegraph, phone, and internet boosted business.
How does the internet affect urban growth?
Attracts businesses, fuels tech hubs.
What is an urban hierarchy?
Ranking of cities by size and influence.
What is the gravity model?
Interaction between cities based on size and distance.
What does the rank-size rule state?
City size is inversely proportional to its rank.
What is a primate city?
City vastly larger than the next biggest.
What does a primate city indicate?
Unbalanced development, often colonial history.
What is central place theory?
Hierarchy of settlements based on goods and services.
What is a market threshold?
Minimum population to support a service.
What is market range?
Distance people travel for a service.
What are high-order goods?
Expensive, unique items, larger range.
What are low-order goods?
Everyday items, smaller range.
What is a megacity?
City with over 10 million people.
What is a metacity?
City with over 20 million people.
Where are megacities growing fastest?
Peripheral and semi-peripheral countries.
What is a world city?
City with global influence.
What functions do world cities have?
Finance, communication, global markets, culture.
How do world cities connect globally?
Through multinational corporations and services.
How do world cities influence culture?
Diffusion of arts, entertainment, and ideas.
How do cities compete globally?
Attracting investment, events, and people.
What are iconic places in world cities?
Symbols of identity that attract tourism.
What is the effect of globalization on urban areas?
Increased connections between world cities.
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