Chemistry Chapter 5

What is the Periodic Table?

An organized way to display the elements.

Who is known as the 'Father of the Periodic Table'?

Mendeleev

What was a key observation made by Newland regarding the elements?

Properties of every eighth element were similar to the first when arranged by increasing atomic mass.

What did Mendeleev do differently than Newland in organizing the elements?

He broke the pattern to keep elements with similar properties in the same column.

What is the Periodic Law?

When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, their physical and chemical properties show a periodic pattern.

What are the vertical columns in the Periodic Table called?

Groups or families

What are the horizontal rows in the Periodic Table called?

Periods

What group is known as alkali metals?

Group 1A

What group is known as alkaline earth metals?

Group 2A

What group is known as halogens?

Group 7A

What group is known as noble gases?

Group 8A

What are the general properties of metals?

Have luster, conduct electricity and heat, usually solid at room temperature, malleable, and ductile.

Where are metals located on the Periodic Table?

On the left side

What are the general properties of nonmetals?

Do not have luster, poor conductors of heat and electricity, not malleable or ductile, either gases or solids at room temperature.

Where are nonmetals located on the Periodic Table?

On the upper right-hand side

What are semimetals also known as?

Metalloids

What are valence electrons?

Electrons that are on the outermost shell, responsible for the atom's behavior.

What is atomic radius?

The distance from the center of an atom's nucleus to its outermost electron.

What trend occurs in atomic size as you move down a group?

Atoms get larger due to the addition of more shells.

What happens to atomic size as you move left to right across a period?

Atoms get smaller as electrons are pulled in tighter.

What is ionization energy?

The energy needed to remove an electron from its outermost shell.

How does ionization energy change as you move down a group?

It decreases.

How does ionization energy change as you move to the right across a period?

It increases.

What is electronegativity?

A measure of an atom's attraction for an extra electron.

Which element is the most electronegative?

Fluorine

Which element is the least electronegative?

Francium

What is the goal for atoms regarding their valence shell?

To have a full valence shell with eight electrons.