Lymphatic System

1. True or false: The lymphatic system is part of the circulatory system

2. The lymphatic system is composed of networks called ______

3. Lymph flows directionally toward the _________

1. True

2. Lymphatic vessels

3. Heart

Transport lymph throughout the body

Lymphatic vessels

The fluid of the lymphatic system that carries immune cells and waste products

lymph

No capsule present. Found in connective tissue of almost all organs

Diffuse lymphatic tissue

No capsule present. Oval-shaped masses. Found singly or in clusters

Lymphatic nodules

Capsule present • Lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland

Lymphatic organs

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Bone marrow and thymus

Produces lymphocytes (B cells mature here)

Bone marrow

Maturation site for T cells

Thymus

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Lymph nodes and spleen

Filter lymph and house immune cells

Lymph nodes

Filters blood and helps fight infections

Spleen

These are small, oval-shaped structures found along lymphatic vessels.

Lymph Nodes

1. What is the outer region of a lymph node called?

2. What do the germinal centers seen in the cortex in lymph nodes produce?

   A. Red blood cells
   B. Platelets
   C. Macrophages
   D. Lymphocytes

3. Which structure surrounds and encloses a lymph node?

   A. Medullary cord
   B. Afferent vessel
   C. Fibrous capsule
   D. Sinus

4. What is found in the inner portion (______) of the lymph node?

   A. Germinal centers
   B. Medullary cords
   C. Blood capillaries
   D. Afferent lymphatics

5. spaces within the node that filter the lymph.

6. What is the correct flow of lymph through a lymph node?

   A. Efferent → Sinuses → Afferent
   B. Afferent → Sinuses → Efferent
   C. Cortex → Capsule → Medulla
   D. Capsule → Germinal centers → Blood vessels

1. Cortex

2. D.

3. B.

4. Medulla (B)

5. Sinuses

6. B.

The Lymph Nodes are?

Popliteal
Inguinal
Cervical
Axillary
Pelvic
Lumbar
Thoracic

The largest lymphatic organ

Spleen

1. The spleen is located between the _____ and ______

2. True or False: Similar to lymph nodes, the spleen has a capsule.

3. True or False: It also has affarent vessels and sinuses

4. ______ contains all the components of circulating blood

5. ______ is similar to lymphatic nodules

1. Stomach and diaphragm

2. True

3. False

4. Red pulp

5. White pulp

True or False: The spleen’s function involves storing and filtering blood

True

1. All lymphocytes (B cells, T cells, NK cells) originate from stem cells in the ________

2. True or false: The thymus produces T-cells

1. bone marrow

2. False

1. The thymus is located behind the ______ in the ________ in the thoracic area.

2. It is divided into ___ lobes by its capsule

3. The maximum size of thymus is observed during ______ of development

1. sternum and mediastinum

2. 2

3. puberty

Lymphoid tissues

1. Protect against inhaled or ingested pathogens

2. Monitor bacteria in the intestines

3. May support immune function in the gut

1. Tonsils

2. Peyer’s patches

3. appendix

Essential players in immune defense. It refers to the scattered lymphoid tissues found in the mucosal linings of the body, primarily in the respiratory, digestive, and genitourinary tracts.

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues

The main sites of entry for microbes into the body are through mucosal surfaces. Hence ________ is found here.

MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues)

Identify the type of MALT

1. Bronchoalveolar lymph nodes

2. Tonsils

3. Mesenteric lymph nodes

4. Isolated lymph follicles

5. Inguinal lymph nodes

6. Adenoids

7. Peyer's patches

8. Salivary glands

9. Cervical lymph nodes

1. BALT

2. NALT

3. GALT

4. GALT

5. Genital tract-associated lymphoid tissues

6. NALT

7. GALT

8. NALT

9. NALT

1. Multiple groups of large lymphatic nodules located mucous membrane of the oral and pharyngeal cavities

2. Located in posterior-lateral walls of the oropharynx

3. Posterior wall of nasopharynx

4. Base of tongue

1. Tonsil

2. Palatine tonsil

3. Pharyngeal tonsil

4. Lingual tonsil

may act as a safe haven for beneficial bacteria, allowing them to repopulate the intestine after illness or antibiotic use

The appendix

1. Two types of defense mechanisms of lymphatic system

2. General protection against any pathogen. Examples: skin, inflammation, fever, phagocytes.

3. Targets specific pathogens or foreign substances. This is what we call immunity.

4. Type of immunity that involves phagocytosis

5. Involves B cells that become plasma cells which produce antibodies that bind with specific antigens.

6. Cell-mediated immunity involves T cells that directly destroy foreign cells

7. Lymphocytes and antibodies

1. Specific and non-specific defense

2. Non-specific

3. Specific

4. Non-specific (general) defense

5. Humoral Immunity (Specific)

6. Humoral Immunity (Specific)

7. Humoral Immunity (specific)

Lymphatic Drainage System

True or False

1. The lymphatic drainage system is symmetrical.

2. The lymphatic duct receives lymph from the entire right side of the body.

3. The thoracic duct drains lymph from both lower limbs.

4. The thoracic duct drains into the right subclavian vein.

5. The lymphatic duct drains lymph from the left side of the head.

6. The thoracic duct is responsible for draining lymph from the entire lower half of the body.

7. Lymph from the abdomen is eventually returned to the bloodstream via the thoracic duct.

8. The right lymphatic duct is shorter and smaller than the thoracic duct.

1. False

2. False

3. True

4. False

5. False

6. True

7. True

8. True

Lymphatic Drainage system

1. Which of the following is not drained by the lymphatic duct?
   A. Right upper limb
   B. Right side of the head and neck
   C. Right side of the thorax
   D. Left lower limb

2. The thoracic duct drains lymph from all the following except:
   A. Left side of the thorax
   B. Left upper limb
   C. Right upper limb
   D. Abdomen and pelvis

3. Where does the thoracic duct empty lymph into the bloodstream?
   A. Right internal jugular vein
   B. Right subclavian vein
   C. Left subclavian vein
   D. Superior vena cava

4. Which region is not drained by the thoracic duct?
   A. Left leg
   B. Right arm
   C. Left arm
   D. Abdomen

5. The lymphatic duct drains lymph into:
   A. Left internal jugular vein
   B. Right subclavian vein
   C. Thoracic duct
   D. Inferior vena cava

6. Which of the following is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body?
   A. Right lymphatic duct
   B. Subclavian vein
   C. Thoracic duct
   D. Cisterna chyli

7. What structure collects lymph from the lower limbs before it enters the thoracic duct?
   A. Afferent lymphatic
   B. Right lymphatic duct
   C. Medullary sinus
   D. Cisterna chyli

1. D.

2. C.

3. C.

4. B.

5. B.

6. C.

7. D.

Lymphatic Vessel Pathways

1. Follows the same routes as veins near the skin.

2. Accompany the paths of arteries (in the viscera).

1. Superficial lymphatic vessels

2. Deep lymphatic vessels

1. Inflammation of lymphatic vessels, usually due to bacterial infection.

2. Caused by a parasitic worm (often via mosquito bite) that blocks lymphatic vessels.

3. A rare tumor of a lymph node. Can be benign or malignant and may resemble lymphoma.

4. Acute infection of lymph nodes, often bacterial or viral. Nodes become swollen, tender, warm, and sometimes filled with pus.

5. Enlargement of the spleen. Can result from infections, liver disease, blood cancers, or immune disorders.

6. Appears as red streaks under the skin and may be painful.

7. acute infection of lymph nodes

8. Leads to extreme swelling, especially in legs or genitals

A. Lymphadenoma

B. Lymphangitis

C. Elephantiasis

D. Lymphadenitis

E. Splenomegaly

1. B.

2. C.

3. A.

4. D.

5. E.

6. A.

7. D.

8. C.