History Exam 3

22nd Amendment

Established the two-term presidential limit in 1951. This limited presidents to being able to only serve 2 terms of presidency.

The Fair Deal

A deal that was proposed by President Truman that strived for domestic improvement by proposing national health insurance, a minimum wage increase, and the expansion of social security.

Kitchen Debate

An impromptu debate between then Vice President Richard Nixon and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev during the American National Exhibition in Sokolniki Park in Moscow in 1959. They discussed topics such as American consumer technology and the superiority of the United States' capitalism in comparison to the Soviet Union's communism.

George Kennan

He was an American diplomat and historian. He is well known for his advocacy for a policy that would contain the Soviet Union and prevent its expansion during the Cold War.

Marshall Plan

A plan that would rehabilitate the economy of 17 different Western and Southern European countries, so that stable conditions would be created, thus allowing democratic institutions to survive the aftermath of World War 2.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Better known as NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed after World War II in 1949 to safeguard freedom and prevent another conflict as devastating as World War II.

Berlin Airlift

A year-long humanitarian mission in 1949 that by the U.S, the U.K, and other allied forces that aimed to supply West Berlin after the Soviet Union's blockade. 278 thousand flights supplied overr 2million residents.

NATO

A 32 country intergovernmental military alliance that was created in 1949 to provide collective security.

SEATO

The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, which was an anti-communist alliance that existed from 1954 to 1977 and was modeled after NATO.

NSC-68

The National Security Council Report 68, which was a 1950 policy paper that framd the Cold War as a fight between freedom and tyranny, villanizing the Soviet Union and Communism. It also helped advocate for the increase of arms in order to combat the Soviet Union if needed.

The Korean War

Occurring from 1950 to 1953, it was a proxy war between North Korea (who were backed by China and the Soviet Union) and South Korea (backed by the United Nations and the United States) that began when N. Korea invaded S. Korea in order to unify the peninsula under Communism.

The Space Race

A Cold War competition that occured from 1955 to 1975 that involved the United States and the Soviet Union on who would advance further in space exploration technology. The Soviet Union put a man in space first, but the U.S put a man on the first.

HUAC

The House Un-American Activities Committee, which was a House of Representatives committee that was created in 1938 and was active until 1975. It aimed to investigate and expose citizens who may have had ties to Communism.

Joseph McCarthy

A Republican U.S Senator that was known as the most well-known face during the Cold War, especially during the "Red Scare."

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

American citizens who were accused and convicted of espionage and wer later executed in 1953 for passing on atomic bomb secrets to the Soviet Union.

Military Industrial Complex

An informal alliance between a nation's military and defense industry where both sides have an interest in war, weapon production, and high defense spending.

Levittown

The first mass-produced suburban housing was built by Levitt & Sons in Long Island, New York (starting in 1947) and later in Pennsylvania.

Milton Firedman

An influential economist, statistician, and Nobel laureate who was widely regarded as the leading proponent of free-market capitalism and monetarism in the 20th century.

Earl Warren

An American attorney and politician who was the 30th governor of California and 14th Chief Justice. He is most known for leading the unanimous decision in the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision, which declared segregated schools as unconstitutional.

Harry Truman

The 33rd U.S president (1945 to 1953), who authorized the dropping of atomic bombs on Japan, which effectively concluded WW2, implemented the Marshall Plan to rebuild Europe, and initiated a "containment" policy against Communism.

Dwight Eisenhower

The Supreme Allied Commander who planned the infamous D-Day invasion in WW2. He was also the 34th president (1953-1961) who managed tensions during the Cold War; he was known for promoting peace and prosperity.

John F. Kennedy

He was the 35th president and served until his untimely assassination in 1961. He was known for avoiding nuclear warfare during the Cuban Missile Crisis, initiating major civil rights legislation, and technological advancement through the space program during the Space Race.

Cuban Missile Crisis

A 13 day standoff in October of 1962 between the U.S and the Soviet Union that was caused by a Soviet missile being constructed in Cuba. Kennedy enacted a naval quarantine to prevent more shipments; it nearly brought the world to nuclear warfare.

George Wallace

An Alabama governor and politician who famously declared, "Segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever" in 1963 to prevent integration in schools

Lyndon B. Johnson

A transformative 36th president (1963 to 1969) who was know for passing monumental civil rights legislation, creating "Great Society" programs in order to combat poverty, and escalating the Vietnam War.