DSM-V Overview for Addiction Counsellors

Vocabulary flashcards related to the DSM-V overview for addiction counsellors.

DSM-V

The "bible" used by psychologists, psychiatrists, and other medical professionals to diagnose mental health disorders. It stands for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and is published by the American Psychiatric Association.

Psychosis

A mental state characterized by positive symptoms like delusions and hallucinations, and negative symptoms like lack of motivation and diminished emotional expression.

Delusions

A false and firmly held belief about reality that is not shared by others and cannot be changed despite proof to the contrary.

Hallucinations

A sensory perception of something that is not there. Examples include visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory hallucinations.

Bizarre delusions

False beliefs that are impossible or absurd.

Non-bizarre delusions

False beliefs that are technically possible but highly improbable.

Negative symptoms

Symptoms that reflect a reduction or absence of normal behaviors, like diminished emotional expression or lack of motivation.

Mania

A period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and increased goal-directed activity or energy.

Hypomania

A less severe form of mania, where the person can still function.

Anhedonia

Decreased pleasure in things that used to be enjoyed.

ICD

International Classification of Diseases. A global tool for health statistics and diagnostic reporting.

Trauma

Exposure to an event where death occurred or was threatened or which resulted in serious injury or sexual violence

Obsessions

Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are distressing and unwanted.

Compulsions

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the person feels they must perform in response to an obsession, as a way of relieving the anxiety and distress associated with it.

Tolerance

The need to take more of a drug to feel the same effects.

Withdrawal

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior.

Paraphilia

Distorted perceptions of sex and relationships which cause significant distress or have been acted on for at least six months.

Gender Dysphoria

The prominent feature of this disorder is the persistent feeling of not being the gender that was assigned at birth.

V-Codes

Stressors or precipitating factors in mental disorders that could affect the diagnosis, treatment or prognosis of a patient’s mental disorder.

DSM-V

The "bible" used by psychologists, psychiatrists, and other medical professionals to diagnose mental health disorders. It stands for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and is published by the American Psychiatric Association. It provides specific criteria for diagnosing each mental disorder, helping ensure consistency and reliability in diagnoses across different professionals and settings. It also includes information on the prevalence, development, and risk factors associated with each disorder.

Psychosis

A mental state characterized by positive symptoms like delusions and hallucinations, and negative symptoms like lack of motivation and diminished emotional expression. During psychosis, an individual's perception of reality is significantly impaired. They may struggle to differentiate between what is real and what is not, leading to substantial challenges in daily functioning and social interactions. Psychotic symptoms can occur in various mental disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and substance-induced psychotic disorder.

Delusions

A false and firmly held belief about reality that is not shared by others and cannot be changed despite proof to the contrary. Delusions are fixed, false beliefs that are not based in reality and are resistant to reason or contradictory evidence. They can take many forms, including persecutory delusions (belief that one is going to be harmed or harassed), grandiose delusions (belief that one has exceptional abilities, wealth, or fame), or somatic delusions (preoccupation with health and organ function).

Hallucinations

A sensory perception of something that is not there. Examples include visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory hallucinations. Hallucinations involve experiencing sensations in the absence of real external stimuli. They can affect any of the five senses, with auditory hallucinations (hearing voices or sounds) being the most common. Visual hallucinations involve seeing things that are not there, while tactile hallucinations involve feeling sensations on the skin. Olfactory hallucinations involve smelling odors that are not present, and gustatory hallucinations involve tasting things that are not there.

Bizarre delusions

False beliefs that are impossible or absurd. Bizarre delusions are patently implausible and not understandable to same-culture peers. Examples include the belief that one's thoughts have been removed by an outside force (thought withdrawal), that alien beings have implanted devices in one's brain, or that one can control the weather.

Non-bizarre delusions

False beliefs that are technically possible but highly improbable. Non-bizarre delusions are technically possible but very unlikely to be true. For example, an individual might believe that they are under surveillance by government agents without any evidence to support this claim.

Negative symptoms

Symptoms that reflect a reduction or absence of normal behaviors, like diminished emotional expression or lack of motivation. Negative symptoms represent a decrease or lack of typical behaviors and experiences. Diminished emotional expression, also known as blunted affect, involves reduced expression of emotions through facial expressions, tone of voice, or body language. Lack of motivation, or avolition, is characterized by a decrease in self-initiated and goal-directed activities.

Mania

A period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and increased goal-directed activity or energy. During mania, individuals may experience inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, and impulsive behaviors. These symptoms are severe enough to cause significant impairment in social, occupational, or interpersonal functioning, and may require hospitalization to prevent harm to self or others.

Hypomania

A less severe form of mania, where the person can still function. Hypomania is similar to mania but less intense and does not cause significant impairment in functioning. Individuals experiencing hypomania may feel energized, productive, and creative, but they typically do not experience the severe symptoms associated with mania, such as psychosis or hospitalization.

Anhedonia

Decreased pleasure in things that used to be enjoyed. Anhedonia involves a reduced ability to experience pleasure in activities that were previously enjoyable. It can manifest as a lack of interest in hobbies, social interactions, or sexual activity, and is often associated with depression and other mood disorders.

ICD

International Classification of Diseases. A global tool for health statistics and diagnostic reporting. The ICD is a comprehensive classification system used to code and classify diseases, injuries, and other health conditions. It is maintained by the World Health Organization (WHO) and is used worldwide for morbidity and mortality reporting, as well as for clinical and research purposes.

Trauma

Exposure to an event where death occurred or was threatened or which resulted in serious injury or sexual violence. Trauma involves exposure to events that are perceived as extremely threatening or dangerous, and that overwhelm an individual's ability to cope. Traumatic events can have lasting effects on mental health, leading to symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or other trauma-related disorders.

Obsessions

Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are distressing and unwanted. Obsessions are intrusive and unwanted thoughts, urges, or images that cause significant anxiety or distress. Common obsessions include fears of contamination, harm to oneself or others, or need for symmetry or order. Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may attempt to suppress or neutralize obsessions with compulsions.

Compulsions

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the person feels they must perform in response to an obsession, as a way of relieving the anxiety and distress associated with it. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that individuals feel driven to perform in response to an obsession, or according to rigid rules. The goal of compulsions is to reduce anxiety or prevent some dreaded event or situation. Common compulsions include excessive handwashing, checking, counting, or arranging objects.

Tolerance

The need to take more of a drug to feel the same effects. Tolerance occurs when the body adapts to the presence of a drug, requiring higher doses to achieve the desired effect. Tolerance can develop with regular use of various substances, including alcohol, opioids, and stimulants, and is a hallmark of substance use disorders.

Withdrawal

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior. Withdrawal refers to the physical and psychological symptoms that occur when a person reduces or stops using a substance after prolonged or heavy use. Withdrawal symptoms can vary depending on the substance and individual factors, but may include anxiety, depression, irritability, nausea, vomiting, muscle aches, and seizures.

Paraphilia

Distorted perceptions of sex and relationships which cause significant distress or have been acted on for at least six months. Paraphilias are characterized by intense and persistent sexual interests in nonhuman objects, children, or nonconsenting adults, or suffering or humiliation. Paraphilias only qualify as a mental disorder when they cause significant distress or impairment in functioning, or when they involve harm or risk of harm to others.

Gender Dysphoria

The prominent feature of this disorder is the persistent feeling of not being the gender that was assigned at birth. Gender dysphoria involves a significant incongruence between one's experienced or expressed gender and assigned gender, leading to clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning. Individuals with gender dysphoria may experience a strong desire to live as the gender different from the one they were assigned at birth.

V-Codes

Stressors or precipitating factors in mental disorders that could affect the diagnosis, treatment or prognosis of a patient’s mental disorder. V-Codes are used in the DSM-V to indicate conditions or factors that may affect the diagnosis, course, prognosis, or treatment of a mental disorder. These codes are used to provide additional information about psychosocial stressors, relationship problems, or other circumstances that may be relevant to a patient's mental health.