Studied by 30 people
Industrial Revolution
a period of rapid industrial development that began in England in the 18th century but soon spread throughout Western Europe, the United States, and the world
When did the Industrial Revolution start?
late 1700s through 1800s
enclosure movement
wealthy farming companies buy up all the family farms
What did the enclosure movement lead to?
bigger farms and more efficient farming
crop rotation
farming technology where farmers rotate crops to increase overall yield (production)
definition of land
geography and natural resources (coal, iron ore, rivers, wood)
definition of labor
people in the workforce (high population = more people)
capital
money (tools, machinery equipment → new inventions)
entrepreneurship
business owners to open businesses and government that is supportive of industry
textiles
fabrics or clothing
the Spinning Jenny
old invention to make thread from cotton
the Power Loom
elevated spinning Jenny: mass production of cloth by machine; modern invention; expensive (normal people could not afford); industrial and made for a factory
mechanization
the process of making things by machine
5 innovations of the I.R.
cotton gin, locomotive, sewing machine, typewriter, concrete
“Factory Time”
factories had tight schedules to encourage tasks more
Lack of Worker Rights
no government laws that supported workers
Child Labor
high demand because it’s cheap labor; caused injury/illness to children; abused
Wages for those working in factories
low pay - man = 10 shillings per week, woman = 5, child = 1
common diseases from factories
black lung, rise of cancer from pollution
Negatives of working in factories
Long hours with low wages, unsanitary, dangerous, heat, no breaks, ect.
positives of working in factories
Engineers paid well, Stable wages / income (more stable than agriculture), Rise through the ranks , Factory water powered (not contributing to pollution), ect
Rise of the Middle Class
growing number of people with money to spend on goods and leisure
Bourgeoise
upper middle class
1800-1850
when parliament passed several laws regulating factory work
Capitalism
Economic and political system where industry is privately controlled for profit
Industrial Capitalism
form of capitalism that emerges from factories in Industrial Revolution
Division of Labor
one person does only one task
Assembly line
production moves down a line of workers
mass production
producing huge quantities of items
mercantilism
accumulation of wealth; more things out than in; powered by the government
Adam Smith
Considered the father of Capitalism (Economist); Wrote the Wealth of Nations
Free Enterprise Economy
business conducted free from government regulation
corperation
Group of people or a company that act as a single entit
Labor Unions
Associations of workers that collected dues, went on strike, and made collective demands of factory owners
Strike
large group of people who stop working in protest of wages and working conditions
Collective bargaining
when groups of employees are able to negotiate working conditions such as wage
Luddies
people who refuse to accept new technology; mad because machines took their jobs; would vandalize to show protest
Utilitarianism
philosophy that advocates that a morally right action does the most amount of good for the most people
Jeremy Bentham
Laws are useful if they benefit “greatest number of people”
John Stuart Mill
Rejected economic systems that left people in poverty
Who wrote the Communist Manifesto
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles
What was the Communist Manifesto about?
solving the problems of capitalism
Another name for the working class
proletariat
Another name for factory owners
bourgeoisie
Socialism
a precursor to Communism where the Means of Production (resources for producing goods) are controlled by the government
Communism
a total collective ownership and the absence of all private property and government
Jethro Tull
iron plow and made farming much faster
domestic system
pre-1750; in house sewing (spinning jenny), high production costs and prices, low output and demand
james watt
inventor of the steam engine
interchangeable parts
components that are identical for practical purposes
laissez faire
"let do"; "hands off"; business without government intervention
invisisble hand
invisible force that controls business through markets
Note 
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