Architecture Appreciation Test #4 MSU

Carlo Scarpa

Brion Cemetery, Treviso, Italy 1969-1978

Tadao Ando

-Japanese architect

-self taught- begin as carpenters apprentice

-traveled extensively to study architecture

-combines modernism with traditional Japanese aesthetics

-note use of concrete

Elizabeth Diller and Richard Scofidio

-Elizabeth born in Poland

-both educated at Copper Union in New York

-begin by constructing "Guerilla Architecture" on vacant land

-received "Genius" grant in 1999 from Macarthur Fellows Program

-Key Commissions:

-Blur Building- Swiss Expo

-High Line- New York

Sir Norman Foster

-born in Manchester, England

-School of Architecture University of Manchester

-Graduate School Yale (w/ Richard Rogers- Pompidou Center w/ Renzo Piano)

-Extensive travel in US

-Furniture Design

-Key Commissions:

-Hong Kong Bank

-Carr'e d' Art- Nimes, France

-London City Hall

-Reichstag Dome Berlin Germany- 1999

-Millenium Bridge London

Frank Gehry

-born in Canada; moved to LA at 17

-School of Architecture at University of Southern California

-graduate school at Harvard (Urban Planning)

-opened his own firm at age 33

-Furniture Design

-Key Commissions

-Guggenheim Museum- Bilbao, Spain

-Experience Music Project, Seattle

-Gehry House

-Project of note: George Ohr Museum- Biloxi, Mississippi

Zaha Hadid

-born in Baghdad, Iraq

-trained as mathematician

-graduate school at the AA (Architectural Association) in London

-Deconstructivist

-colorful drawings, paintings, and computer models

-DECONSTRUCTION

-Key Commissions:

-Contemporary Arts Center, Cinncinnati

-Vitra Fire Station

Herzog and De Meuron

-childhood friends

-practice in Basil, Switzerland

-Key Commissions

-Tate Gallery of Modern Art- London

-National Olympic Stadium- Beijing "the bird nest"

Rem Koolhaas

-Dutch-born in Rotterdam

-Major Publications

-Delirious New York: a Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan OMA, S, M, L, XL

-studied at the AA in London

-Key Commissions:

-Prada Stores

-Educatorium, Utrecht, The Netherlands

-Seattle Public Library

Daniel Libeskind

-born in Lodz, Poland

-gained US citizenship in 1965

-Key Commissions

-Jewish Museum, Berlin

-Imperial War Museum, Manchester

-Jewish Museum, San Francisco

-Denver Art Museum

-Freedom Tower, New York City

Jean Nouvel

-French architect

-educated at the Ecole d' Beaux Arts, Paris

-Key Commissions:

-Remodeling of Lyon Opera House

-Cultural and Congress Center, Lucerne Switzerland

-Institut du Monde Arabe Paris

Renzo Piano

-born in Genoa, Italy

-studied at University of Florence and Milan Polytechnic

-early partnership with Richard Rogers

-pushes limits of building technology

-maintains control from design through construction

-Key Commissions:

-Pompidou Center, Paris 1971-77

-Menil Museum Houston, Texas

-The Shard - London

Chinese Architecture

-Feng Shui: concept of orientation

-harmony with nature

-positive energy (chi)

-wooden beams/columns

-WOODEN architecture traditions

-important structures are made of timber(palaces and temples)

-walls are modular

-flexible system

-made of wood supports

-Pagodas

Pagodas

Buddhist temples in China

The Great Wall

-barrier against enemies

-210 bce began, built over centuries

-10,000 miles long

-15-30' high

-15-25' wide

-frequent watchtowers

Japanese Architecture

-traditions in wood and timber

-paper screens as walls, tile roofs, straw mats, and plaster finish

Shinto Shrines

-Shinto is Japan's native formal religion

Toril

-large freestanding timber gateway

Golden Pavilion

-open interior

-wide eaves

-removable walls

Tea Houses

-tea ceremony for upper classes

-preparing and drinking green tea according to strict rules

-done in special tea houses

-no decorations, furnishing, no distractions

Tatami

-modular flooring mats

-3'X6'

Islamic Architecture

-mosques designed for communal prayer

-no figurative (represent people) art on walls

-art based on flowers, geometric shapes, Arabic script

Dome of the Rock

-7th C

-Jerusalem

-influenced by Byzantine architecture

-shrine for pilgrims

-center is sacred rock where Muhammad ascended into heaven

-octagonal form

-glazed tiles on all surfaces- style developed

Great Mosque of Samarra

Moorish Architecture

-Muslims (Moors) came to Spain 8th C

-looked to ancient Roman architecture

Mosque of Cordoba

-1st Islamic structure in Europe

Architecture of India

-various cultural influences: Muslims, Buddhists, Hindus, and British

-foreign cultures and different religions have been absorbed and transformed by Asian Indian architects

Taj Mahal

-national emblem of India (1632-53)

The Ladies Mount Vernon Association

-acquired Mount Vernon in the 1850s

-first property to be saved by an organization founded solely to preserve a building

Levy Monticello

preservation

Vicksburg Military Park

-established in 1899

preservation

First Historic Preservation Ordinance

-Charleston, South Carolina 1931

Second Historic Preservation Ordinance

-New Orleans 1941

Third Historic Preservation Ordinance

-Natchez 1951

Interstate Highway Systems

-cutting great swaths through the city and countryside

National Historic Preservation Act of 1966

-established review of federal projects on historic properties

Jefferson College

1802 Washington MS

Auburn

-Natchez, MS 1812

William Nichols

-born Bath, England 1780

-Greek Revival Style

-became state architect of Mississippi in 1835

-Key Commissions:

-Old Capitol 1839

-Governor's Mansion Jackson 1842

-Lyceum- University of Mississippi 1848

Windsor Ruins

Claiborne Co., MS 1861

Montgomery Hall

-RH Hunt- Beaux Arts Style 1902

Reuben Harrison Hunt

-moved to Chattanooga, TN in 1882- RH Hunt Company

-Key Commissions:

-Montgomery Hall- MSU

-Lee Hall- MSU- Beaux Arts Style

-Carpenter Hall- MSU

Beaux Arts

-a style of architecture favored by the Ecole des Beaux-Arts

-characterized by symmetrical plans and the eclectic use of architectural features combined to give a massive, elaborate, and often ostentatious effect

Mississippi State Capitol

-Theodore Link, St. Louis- architect

Theodore Link

-St. Louis

-architect

-designed:

-Mississippi State Capitol

-Perry Cafeteria- MSU

-Old Oktibehha Co. Courthouse

Paine, Overstreet, and Spencer

-YMCA building

Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright in MS

-Louis Sullivan Summer Home

Frank Lloyd Wright in MS

-Willis Hughs House "Fountainhead"- 1948 Jackson, MS

N.W. Overstreet

-Bailey Magnet School- Jackson, MS

Pinecote Pavilion- Crosby Arboretum

-Picayune, MS 1985

-Faye Jones, Fayetteville, AR

Ohr-O' Keefe Museum

-Frank Gehry

-George Ohr

Urban Sprawl

-damaging the environment both directly and indirectly

-happens through rampant consumption of raw land, and the fossil fuels required for people to drive to these remote places

Green Building

- "a building that is located and constructed in a sustainable manner and that is designed to allow its occupants to live, work, and play in a sustainable manner."

Brownfields

-abandoned, idled, or under-used industrial and commercial facilities/sites where expansion or development is complicated by real or perceived environmental contamination

Building Industry's Waste

-the building industry contributes to 20% of all waste

Reasons to Utilize Green Building Principals

-improved air quality

-reduced consumption of virgin raw materials

-waste reduction

-consumer demand for environmentally friendly products

ADA

-(Americans with Disabilities Act)

-Federal Civil Rights law that prohibits the exclusion of people with disabilities from everyday activities

New Urbanism

-a type of compact neighborhood design pioneered by Miami architects Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk

-replaces the typical suburban subdivision with more diverse environments which mix residential and commercial buildings

-hypothetically providing a walkable community where people live, work, and play

Cotton District

-New Urbanism

-Dan Camp- designer/developer/builder

-development creates place

Andres Duany

-founder of two architecture firms:

-Arquitectonica

-Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company (DPZ)

-Seaside, Florida

-Kentlands, Maryland

-B. arch- Princeton

-M. arch- Yale

Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk

-co-founder of Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company (DPZ)

-dean of University of Miami School of Architecture

-same education as Duany

Seaside, Florida

-Robert Davis, landowner developer

-40 acres

-various types of residential

-school, shopping, restaurants

-walkable

-master plan by DPZ

Samuel "Sambo" Mockbee

-Canton, MS

-Rural Studio: Hale County, Alabama

Miami Beach Preservation

-Barbara Baer Capitman