BIOL2302- Chapter 12: Male Reproductive System

do males have a reproductive cycle

no cyclic changes, MAY have andropause

Paired organs

testes, epididymides, vasa deferentia

Unpaired organs

urethra, penis, scrotum

the testes in adult make are ___abdominal in scrotum

extra

male testes are abdominal at

birth

what is the condition when the testes remain abdominal; fail to descend

Cryptorchidism- no viable sperms

what is the condition called when there is no testes

Anorchia

Spermatogenesis only occurs if the tested are _-_degrees celsius below body temp

2-3

TRUE OR FALSE: the male urethra releases urine and sperm

TRUE

how long is the vasa deferentia

18 inches

TRUE OR FALSE : Epididymis is singular

TRUE

paired accessory organs of the make reproductive system

seminal vesicles, bulbourethral glands/ cowpers glands

unpaired accessory organs in male reproductive system

prostate

what smooth muscle surrounds the testes (in the walls of scrotal sac)

Dartos

when it is cold the dartos muscle

contracts

the dartos makes superficial fascia and

deep fascia

the superficial fascia and deep fascia is around the

penis

cremaster muscle is ___ oriented

vertically

the deep fascia is ___ the superficial fascia around penis

below

epididymides is __-__ ft long

20-23

where does sperm formation occur

seminiferous tubules

the epididymides is ___ coiled vas deferens

highly

the seminiferous tubules coverage together and form __ testes

rete

vas efferentia converge and form

vas deferens

the vas deferens coverage and form

epididymis

the vas deferens enters enters the body cavity and joins the

seminal vesicle

the ejaculatory duct joins the prostatic urethra which joins the membranous urethra which joins the penile or __ urethra

spongy

sperms are non-___ in the body

motile

what causes the sperm to move (outside of the body)

peristalsis

the vas deferens is the __ of the epididymis

tail

the vas deferens enters the body cavity via the

spermatic cord

vasectomy

cut and ligate; sperm still comes out

what produces most of the ejaculation

seminal vesicles

seminal vesicles secretes

fructose and citrate which produces energy to sperms

prostaglandins

soften the cervical mucus to facilitate sperm movement and protection from immune attack in female tract

what in the seminal fluid causes the semen to clot

fibrinogen

how much ejaculation comes from the prostate gland

30%

what does prostatic fluid contain that causes liquefaction of semen

fibrinolysin

what protein in the prostatic fluid contain which causes odor in semen

spermine

what does seminalplasmin do

antimicrobial protein; kill bacteria in female tract

Prostate specific Antigen(PSA) causes ___ of mucus in female tract

thinning

high PSA may indicate

prostate cancer

where does PSA in the female come from

skene’s gland or paraurethral glands

Bulbourethral glands secretes viscous fluid to neutralize

acidity in the male urethra

where are sperms stored

ampulla

what surrounds the testes

serous membrane (tunica vaginalis, tunica albuginea)

how many lobules are in the testes

250-400

seminiferous tubules contain ___ epithelium

germinal

where does spermatogenesis occur

seminiferous tubules

Type A cells in the germinal epithelium maintain the

germ line

Type B cells in the germinal epithelium produce

spermatogonia

cell order of sperms

spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatids, sperms

when does the haploid stage occur

secondary spermatocyte

spermiogenesis is the transformation of spermatids into

sperms

sertoli cells is the ____ barrier

blood-testis

what is the role of sertoli cells

protect developmental stages from antibodies and secrete anti mullerian hormone (AMH), relaxin, inhibin B

sex differentiation hormone

Anti Mullierian Hormone

what does inhibin B do

increases spermatogenesis

Relaxin =

peristalsis

what do interstitial cell/ leydig cells do

make testosterone

Testosterone changes into

Dihydrotestosterone ( DHT)

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) helps with forming

male genitalia (sex differentiation)

if Y chromosome is present then

testes are present

double column of corpora canvernosa is

dorsal

one column of corpus spongiosum is

ventral

corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum are blood sinuses that fill with blood during an

erection

what input occurs during erection

parasympathetic

what input occurs during ejaculation

sympathetic

vasodilation and ___ occurs during erection

vasocongestion

nitric oxide and VIP causes

vasodilation

TRUE OR FALSE: cGMP causes erection

TRUE

GMP during depolarization ___ the erection

terminates

TRUE OR FALSE: There is mitosis in the female

FALSE; only in male

which causes cGMP to become GMP

phosphodiesterase (PDE)

PDE inhibitors help with

penile erectile dysfunction

ischiocavernosus and bulbo canvernosus are(both in male and female)

skeletal muscles in the pelvic floor

duration of spermatogenesis

71-84 days

how many sperms are in each ejaculate

200-500 million

Azoospermia

no sperms

oligospermia

low sperm count

aspermia

no ejaculate

the acrosomal cap contains which enzyme

hyaluronidase

the hyaluronidase penetrates the zona pellucida in the

second oocyte

FSH in males helps with

spermatogenesis

LH in the males helps produce

leydig cells

Kallman syndrome

micropenis / microtestes, anosmia (no sense of smell)

Bipotential Primordial gonadal cells forms the testes if the

Y chromosome is present

what duct becomes the vas deferens

wolffian duct(mesonephic duct)

if AMH is present the ____ ducts degenerate

Mullerian

Mayer, Rokitansky, Kustsr and Hauser syndrome has an absence of

adrenal, kidneys, ovaries, uterus, vagina

in the formation of external genitalia what part becomes the penis

genital tubercle

TRUE OR FALSE: the urethral folds fuse completely

TRUE

Hypospadia

urethra opens below penis

formation of genitalia in male begins at

7 weeks