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do males have a reproductive cycle
no cyclic changes, MAY have andropause
Paired organs
testes, epididymides, vasa deferentia
Unpaired organs
urethra, penis, scrotum
the testes in adult make are ___abdominal in scrotum
extra
male testes are abdominal at
birth
what is the condition when the testes remain abdominal; fail to descend
Cryptorchidism- no viable sperms
what is the condition called when there is no testes
Anorchia
Spermatogenesis only occurs if the tested are _-_degrees celsius below body temp
2-3
TRUE OR FALSE: the male urethra releases urine and sperm
TRUE
how long is the vasa deferentia
18 inches
TRUE OR FALSE : Epididymis is singular
TRUE
paired accessory organs of the make reproductive system
seminal vesicles, bulbourethral glands/ cowpers glands
unpaired accessory organs in male reproductive system
prostate
what smooth muscle surrounds the testes (in the walls of scrotal sac)
Dartos
when it is cold the dartos muscle
contracts
the dartos makes superficial fascia and
deep fascia
the superficial fascia and deep fascia is around the
penis
cremaster muscle is ___ oriented
vertically
the deep fascia is ___ the superficial fascia around penis
below
epididymides is __-__ ft long
20-23
where does sperm formation occur
seminiferous tubules
the epididymides is ___ coiled vas deferens
highly
the seminiferous tubules coverage together and form __ testes
rete
vas efferentia converge and form
vas deferens
the vas deferens coverage and form
epididymis
the vas deferens enters enters the body cavity and joins the
seminal vesicle
the ejaculatory duct joins the prostatic urethra which joins the membranous urethra which joins the penile or __ urethra
spongy
sperms are non-___ in the body
motile
what causes the sperm to move (outside of the body)
peristalsis
the vas deferens is the __ of the epididymis
tail
the vas deferens enters the body cavity via the
spermatic cord
vasectomy
cut and ligate; sperm still comes out
what produces most of the ejaculation
seminal vesicles
seminal vesicles secretes
fructose and citrate which produces energy to sperms
prostaglandins
soften the cervical mucus to facilitate sperm movement and protection from immune attack in female tract
what in the seminal fluid causes the semen to clot
fibrinogen
how much ejaculation comes from the prostate gland
30%
what does prostatic fluid contain that causes liquefaction of semen
fibrinolysin
what protein in the prostatic fluid contain which causes odor in semen
spermine
what does seminalplasmin do
antimicrobial protein; kill bacteria in female tract
Prostate specific Antigen(PSA) causes ___ of mucus in female tract
thinning
high PSA may indicate
prostate cancer
where does PSA in the female come from
skene’s gland or paraurethral glands
Bulbourethral glands secretes viscous fluid to neutralize
acidity in the male urethra
where are sperms stored
ampulla
what surrounds the testes
serous membrane (tunica vaginalis, tunica albuginea)
how many lobules are in the testes
250-400
seminiferous tubules contain ___ epithelium
germinal
where does spermatogenesis occur
seminiferous tubules
Type A cells in the germinal epithelium maintain the
germ line
Type B cells in the germinal epithelium produce
spermatogonia
cell order of sperms
spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatids, sperms
when does the haploid stage occur
secondary spermatocyte
spermiogenesis is the transformation of spermatids into
sperms
sertoli cells is the ____ barrier
blood-testis
what is the role of sertoli cells
protect developmental stages from antibodies and secrete anti mullerian hormone (AMH), relaxin, inhibin B
sex differentiation hormone
Anti Mullierian Hormone
what does inhibin B do
increases spermatogenesis
Relaxin =
peristalsis
what do interstitial cell/ leydig cells do
make testosterone
Testosterone changes into
Dihydrotestosterone ( DHT)
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) helps with forming
male genitalia (sex differentiation)
if Y chromosome is present then
testes are present
double column of corpora canvernosa is
dorsal
one column of corpus spongiosum is
ventral
corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum are blood sinuses that fill with blood during an
erection
what input occurs during erection
parasympathetic
what input occurs during ejaculation
sympathetic
vasodilation and ___ occurs during erection
vasocongestion
nitric oxide and VIP causes
vasodilation
TRUE OR FALSE: cGMP causes erection
TRUE
GMP during depolarization ___ the erection
terminates
TRUE OR FALSE: There is mitosis in the female
FALSE; only in male
which causes cGMP to become GMP
phosphodiesterase (PDE)
PDE inhibitors help with
penile erectile dysfunction
ischiocavernosus and bulbo canvernosus are(both in male and female)
skeletal muscles in the pelvic floor
duration of spermatogenesis
71-84 days
how many sperms are in each ejaculate
200-500 million
Azoospermia
no sperms
oligospermia
low sperm count
aspermia
no ejaculate
the acrosomal cap contains which enzyme
hyaluronidase
the hyaluronidase penetrates the zona pellucida in the
second oocyte
FSH in males helps with
spermatogenesis
LH in the males helps produce
leydig cells
Kallman syndrome
micropenis / microtestes, anosmia (no sense of smell)
Bipotential Primordial gonadal cells forms the testes if the
Y chromosome is present
what duct becomes the vas deferens
wolffian duct(mesonephic duct)
if AMH is present the ____ ducts degenerate
Mullerian
Mayer, Rokitansky, Kustsr and Hauser syndrome has an absence of
adrenal, kidneys, ovaries, uterus, vagina
in the formation of external genitalia what part becomes the penis
genital tubercle
TRUE OR FALSE: the urethral folds fuse completely
TRUE
Hypospadia
urethra opens below penis
formation of genitalia in male begins at
7 weeks
Note 
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