Unit 1
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54 Terms
What are the 5 attributes of living things?
Complex organization, growth, metabolism, movement, reproduction, and responsiveness
What two things does a hypothesis have to be?
Testable and falsifiable
What was Lamarck's hypothesis regarding evolution?
Structures used more frequently by an organism would be passed on while traits not used often would not be passed on
What was Darwin and Wallace’s hypothesis regarding evolution?
Nature will select the survivors based on their characteristics that are adaptive or helpful
What is the significance of Darwin’s finches?
They helped finalized the theory of evolution by natural selection
What is key to successful offspring?
Variations
Why do humans still have hair?
Human scent glands are primarily located in the pubic, axillary & cephalic regions alongside our hair follicles, hair now is used for non-verbal communication and thermoregulation
How would Lamarck say that human teeth are getting smaller?
That humans did not need/use large teeth so they were not passed down
How would Darwin & Wallace say that human teeth are getting smaller?
Human teeth size is no longer was relevant as tools were being used, so smaller toothed humans survived and reproduced
What are the vestigial structures that humans have?
Ear muscles, nictitating membrane, pointed canine teeth, 3rd molars, segmented abdominal muscles, pyramidalis muscles, appendix, coccyx, hair
What changes with an isotope?
The number of neutrons
Hydrogen doesn’t have any what?
neutrons
What is the difference between a pH of 4 and a pH of 7?
A factor of 1000 or 10^3
What causes bubbles in soda?
Carbonic acid(H2CO3)
What is pH?
The concentration of H+ ions that are free in that moment
Acids _____ protons.
Donate
Density of water until _____ 4C and then _______ at 0.
Increases; decreases
What causes pH?
The brief loss of a Hydrogen electron to O
What kind of bond is water most of the time?
A highly polarized covalent bond
What do buffers do?
Minimize the potential effect of a change in pH
What is dissociation?
Molecules spontaneously breaking apart (self-ionize)
Electron ______ are found within ______.
Orbitals; Shells
Is pure oxygen or nitrogen more dangerous?
Pure oxygen; incredibly electronegative
How many electrons does Li have to get to fill its outermost shell?
Seven
What kind of bond does N2 form?
Triple covalent bonds
Of the elements that make up living systems, which one steals the most electrons?
Oxygen
Of all the elements, which one steals the most electrons?
Fluorine
What kind of bond does O2 form?
Double covalent
Why can Carbon form 4 single bonds?
Hybridization; forms 4p orbitals, bonds the 2S1 electrons
What is this CH4
Methane
What element has the lowest possible energy state?
Hydrogen
What is the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle?
You can’t know with certainty where an electron is and where it’s going next
What's the 2nd most abundant element in the universe?
Helium
What is metabolism?
The sum of chemical reactions
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