Bones and Bone tissue

Hematopoiesis

blood cell formation

what is a bone with a complex shape?

Irregular bone

ex skull

What is a “sesame seed” shaped bone?

sesamoid bone

ex) knee cap

What is a bone that is longer than it is wide?

Long bone

What is the part of the skeleton with limbs and limb girdles?

Appendicular skeleton

What is the bone that is thin and curved?

ex) ribs

Flat bone

What is a bone with a smaller length and width?

Short bone

What skeletal system is the skull, vertebral column, and the rib cage defined as?

Axial skeleton

Diaphysis

B- the shaft of a long bone

Epiphyseal plate

E- growth plate made of hiline cartlige

Epiphysis

A- Ends of long bone

Red marrow

C- produces new blood cells found in spongey bone

Medulary cavity

G- Yellow bone marrow (stores fat)

Articular cartilage

D- prevents bones from rubbing together

Why do most cartilage injuries heal more slowly than bone injuries?

Cartilage does not contain canals and canaliculi to allow direct flow of O₂ and nutrients to the living cells.

What are the steps of the endochondral ossification process?

1) the cartilage model of bone is made by chondrocytes

2) periosteum forms

after the periosteum forms around the cartilage model

the collar bone is laid down around the hyaline cartilage model just beneath the periosteum

after the collar bone is laid down around the hyaline cartilage model, just beneath the periosteum

the primary ossification center is created as the diaphysis begins to turn into bone

after the primary ossification center is created as the diaphysis begins to turn into bone

blood vessels from the periosteum invade the primary ossification center, delivering osteoclasts

after the blood vessels from the periosteum invade the primary ossification center, delivering osteoclasts

The osteoclasts remove bone from the bone shaft interior, leaving a marrow cavity

After the osteoclasts remove bone from the bone shaft interior, leaving a marrow cavity

secondary ossification centers appear in each of the epiphyses

After the secondary ossification centers appear in each of the epiphyses

cartilage is left between the primary and secondary ossification centers serves as the growth plate

The last step of the endochondral ossification process is that…

hormones cause the growth plate to ossify and become the epiphyseal line.

Explain the process of intramembranous ossification. How is it different from endochondral ossification?

Bone develops from fibrous membrane, endochondral ossification forms highline cartilage.

What is Wolfs law?

“Use it or lose it"

Closed reduction

Nonsurgical realignment of broken bone ends and splinting of bone

Compression fracture

A fracture in which the bone is crushed; common in vertebral column

Compound (open) fracture

the skin is penetrated

depressed fracture

Broken bone portion is pressed inward

greenstick fracture

Bone breaks incompletely, only one side of the shaft breaks while the other bends.

• common in children

open reduction

Surgical realignment of broken bone ends

simple fracture

Skin is not penitrated

transverse fracture

occurs at an exact 90 degree horizontal angle

Spiral fracture

a result of twisting forces

atrophy

calcitonin

Brings nutrience IN to the bone

osteoblasts

bone building cells that maintain bone matrix

osteoclasts

Giant, multinucleate cells that break down bone

osteocytes

Mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix

When blood calcium levels bein to drop below homeostatic levels the ______ is released, causing calcium to be released from bones.

parathyroid hormone

What are the important functions of bones?

• creation of blood cells

• protection for the brain

• provision of levers for movement of the limbs

• storage of fat

The growth spurt of puberty is triggered by…

high levels of sex hormones

What is the basic structural and functional unit of compact bone:

Osteon

The most common type of cartilage in the skeleton is

hyaline cartilage

True or false: Spongy bone contains osteons.

False

hydroxyapatite

inorganic part of the bone matrix that makes them

What cells dissolve bone and release calcium into the blood?

osteoclasts

Endochondrical ossification 

Appositional growth allows a bone to grow in ____.

Width/ thickness