APAAS Vocab List 2

Freedom

The power or right to act, speak, or think without hindrance or restraint

Characteristics: autonomy; self-determination; absence of oppression

Colonialism

the practice of acquiring and maintaining colonies or territories by a foreign power, exploiting them economically and politically

characteristics: domination; exploitation; cultural assimilation; extraction of resources

Mestizo

“mixed” in Spanish. Generally used to describe someone of white and indigenous background

characteristics: cultural blending; diverse heritage

Ladino

In Latin America, particularly Guatemala, a term used to describe people of mixed Indigenous and European descent who have adopted Spanish language and culture

Characteristics: association with European assimilation; blend of indigenous and Spanish influences

Conquistador

Spanish or Portuguese explorers and soldiers who led military expeditions in the Americas during the Age of Discovery

Characteristics: Military expeditions; colonization; exploration; conquest

Atlantic Creole

A term describing people of mixed African, European, and soemtimes Native American descent, who were part of the early Atlantic World (15th-18th centuries)

Characteristics: cultural hybridity; adaptability; multilingual; central to early atlantic trade networks

Mulatto

Historically, a term used to describe a person of mixed African and European ancestry

Characteristics: racial mixing; part of colonial racial hierarchies; historically used as a derogatory term

Gullah

an african american community living in the coastal regions of south carolina, georgia, and nearby islands, known for preserving much of their african heritage

unique creole language

griffe

a term historically used in french and spanish colonial contexts to describe a person of mixed african y indigenous ancestry

indicative mixed heritage ( usually in haiti)

Maroon

escaped enslaved ppl who formed independent communities, often in remote areas

resistance to slavery; preservation of african cultures (jamaica)

Phenotype

physical features

observable traits

racial taxonomy

a ssytem of classifying human pops into racial categories based on physical and genetic characteristics

colonialism; not scientific; caucasian, negro, etc.

hypodescent

that born follows the womb thing

racieal hierarchy; one-drop rule

manumission

legal freedom; restricted freedom

abolitionist

advocates for end of slavery

frederick douglas; harriet tubman; human rights yay