mass and balance ( chapter 3 required skills and knowledge )

Start / taxi fuel

Fuel used before take off, including APU duel, engine start fuel, and fuel used to taxi to the take off position

Trip fuel

Fuel expected to be burned between takeoff and landing

Contingency fuel

Fuel that allows for small changes in fuel burn caused by unexpected routing, cruise levels and changes in forecast

Reserve fuel consists of

1. Alternate fuel

2. Final reserve fuel

Alternate fuel

The fuel required from missed approach point at destination aerodrome until landing at alternate aerodrome

Final reserve fuel

The remaining fuel which must be on board on landing at planned destination

Additional fuel

The additional fuel allowance to comply with specific requirement e.g extended twin operations

Extra fuel

Sufficient for anticipated delays or specific predicted operational constraints ( at discretion of aircraft computer )

Discretionary fuel

A further fuel allowance added at the discretion of the captain

Take off mass =

Ramp mass - taxi fuel

Take off mass =

Zero fuel + take off fuel

Take off mass =

Zero fuel mass + take off fuel

Take off mass =

Landing mass + trip fuel

Landing mass =

Take off mass - trip fuel

The allows take off mass, is the lowest of

1. MZFM ( maximum zero fuel mass )

2. RTOM ( regulated take off mass )

3. RLM ( regulated landing mass )