Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Compromise of 1850
CA entered the Union as a free state, Washington D.C. outlawed slavery, a tougher Fugitive Slave Law and Utah/New Mexico territories get to decide the slavery issue by voting.
About how many slaves (out of 100) made it to the age of 60?
4/100
Macadamization
One of the important changes to early American transportation involved the crushing of gravel on to dirt roads to prevent them was washing out.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Published in 1852 by Harriet Beecher Stowe, this book was an overly dramative view of slaver in the South
What popular war did Fredrick Douglass speak out against?
Mexican War.
Reasons he spoke out: worried about expansion of slavery, imperialism and agression, moral and humanitarian concerns, racial prejudice, diverting attention from the abolitionist cause
Gross national product (GNP)
The total value of all goods and services produced by a nation in a single year
Missouri compromise
Maintained senatorial power by entering as a slave state (11 free / 11 slave). The artificial boundary at 36 30 was created.
John C. Calhoun
Pro-Slavery - wanted slavery to expand
believed blacks and whites couldn’t coexist, and that slavery was a positive good because slave’s lives were better in America than they would’ve been in Africa.
Died during 1840s before Civil War.
What was the number one killer of Native Americans in the U.S?
diseases
Wendell Phillips
Nicknamed “golden trumpet” after his scorching oratory about the evils of slavery
Task system
Rice and tabacco fields.
In this system, slaves were given a set of tasks, and once they were all complete they had free time for themselves.
Harriet Tubman
Former slave that returned to the South multiple times to free other slaves, and at one point had a $40,000 bounty on her head.
Her nickname was "Moses”
What was the Southern states reaction to Lincoln winning the 1860 election?
They realized they were politically powerless.
What did the term “conductor” mean for the underground railroad
Individuals who led, housed, and fed runaway slaves on their trip north
Gang System
Sugar and Cotton fields.
Enslaved individuals were forced to work the entire day.
Why did the evolution of manufacturing mainly happen in the North?
they had cheap labor due to the steady stream of immigrants
cities provided cheap resources due to the accessibility of land, water and transportation
What did the term “stations” mean for the underground railroad
The homes that runaway slaves would stay at as they headed north
When did the territory in the U.S quadruple?
between 1800-1850 due to treaties, purchases and wars
Which political party was excited to talk about the issue of slavery
republicans
Denmark Vesey
Former slave (won lottery and bought his freedom) planned to take control of Charleston, SC through a slave rebellion, he was unsuccessful and executed before his plan was attempted.
Overseer
White person in charge of a number of slaves out in the field
Abraham Lincoln
Morally didn’t like slavery at all. But he was a good politician and supported keeping the union together. He was originally a Whig, but then joined republican party when running for president.
James Kirk Paulding
Pro-Slavery, saw abolitionists as un-American radicals. Claimed African Americans had it better than factory workers in England and the North.
Who was the first president of the Confederate States of America?
Jefferson Davis
Grimke Sisters
Anti-Slavery. Had to move to North because of all the hate and backlash they reciveved from their anit-slavery pamphlets. grew up wealthy, but freed the slaves they were given by their mother.
Why were steamboats such a great invention?
Enabled trade to flow both wats on the Mississippi river
John C. Breckinridge
1860 democratic president nominee. Supported Dred Scott case decision and split votes with the other democratic party contender.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Organized the kansas and Nebraska territory, each territory will decide the slavery issue by voting and the Missouri Compromise is nullified.
Northern Fire-Soilers
Wanted to stop spread of slavery
What happened in Laurance, Kansas?
It was attacked by pro-slavery forces, who destroyed two printing presses and burned down some buildings
Dred Scott v. Sanford Case
Dred Scott sued for his freedom based on having lived in a free territory. Supreme court ruled slaves as property, and therefore protected under the 5th admendment.
Fredrick Douglass
Former slave. Bought his freedom, taught himself to read and write, and wrote many books about his life as a slave. White people who felt threatened by his existence claimed he was half white and that is why he doesn’t follow pseudo-science hypothesis.
What was the worst punishment for a slave?
Being sold.
Paternalism
Plantation owners considered themselves father-like in their care for slaves.
How did the railroad help businesses?
Allowed them to expand their markets to other parts of the nation.
What were Douglas and Lincoln debating for?
They debated 7 times to win one of 7 seats in the Illinois senate.
How many pounds of cotton could a slave produce in a 10 hour day?
1 lb
Stephen Douglas
Advocated for popular sovereignty when dealing with the slavery issue of new states.
Two main hubs on the Underground Railroad
NYC, and Philly
William Lloyd Garrison
Anti-slavery. Wrote anti-slavery newspaper called the Liberator. Burned constitution once in defance because he believed it wasn’t valid as it did not outlaw slavery.
What was the Jayhawk state nicknamed in 1850s
Bleeding Kansas due to the violent outbreaks
Which state was the first to secede from the Union?
SC
California
required 60,000 people to populate a territory before applying for statehood
Robert Grier
Supreme court justice from Pennsylvania voted with the Southern and Democratic majority in the Scott v Sanford case
George Fitzhugh
Studied law, wanted to enslave whites and blacks.
Colonel Robert E. Lee
captured John Brown
Nat Turner
Enslaved preacher, old testament vision, he and his 50 followers killed over 60 white men, children and women.
Hinton Helper
Anti-Slavery because he believed it was economically hurting the South as Northern cities were surpassing Southern cities in many ways. Cared about the poor whites that couldn’t afford slaves.
How many pounds of cotton did the Cotton Gin produce in a single day?
A thousand
Reasons it was hard for slaves to run away
New geography
bounty hunters
hard to get the coordination and support necessary
John Brown
He, his four sons, and a group of other abolitionists slaughtered pro-slavery settlers in the night, from Kansas to Virginia.
to the north he was a martyr, to south was a signal to build military
Pottawatomie creek
Driver
Black man in charge of a number slaves out in the field
What age did children get sent out into the fields?
12
Erie Canal
Huge part of why the transportation price of goods decreased from 1800-1850.
made NY good, big population, lots of industry, economically strong.
Harpers Ferry
A place in Virginia that a had a federal arsenal that was necessary to take over in order to facilitate a slave rebellion
America at 1850
population increased due to immigration, higher life expectancy, lower infant mortality rate, and promoting
GNP and PCI both increased
huge land increase
South characteristics
long summers, mild winters, long growing season
large navigable rivers
small towns
family centered traditional society
large planttions
tabacco, sugar, rice, cotton
lacked manufacturing capabilities
social classes, planters at top
only 25% of population owned slaves
North characteristics
large port cities
concentrated population
produced textiles, ships, iron, lumber
shallow fast moving rivers
lots of railroads
manufacturing, foriegn trade, agriculture
cities were centers of culture
95% literacy rate
hot summers, cold winters
media outlets
huge emphasis on public education
rapid population growth
North-West characteristics
american indians remained the most numerous inhabitants
wheat, corn, cattle, sheep, pigs
small successful family farms
meatpacking industries, and agricultural manufacturing
slavery in the old south
justification: religion, pseudo-science, treated better than factory workers
worked 14-15 hours per day
whippping was last resort of punishment
slave codes
couldnt own property (no generational wealth)
couldnt leave without permission
couldnt defend themselves
shouldnt be taught to read or write
can be killed without punishment
Fredrick Douglass source
life on plantation: tar, horse workers
life in baltimore: slaves had nicer clothes but still were treated bad
Northwest Ordinance
slavery below ohio river
Southern fire eaters
want slavery everywhere
unionists
want to prevent secession