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Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep
psychologically active sleep where dreaming occurs; voluntary muscles inhibited
non-REM (NREM) Sleep
spans lighter to deeper; restful sleep
electroencephalograph
machine that records the brain wave activity as a person sleeps
beta waves
small and fast waves when a person is awake
alpha waves
slightly larger and slower waves when a person relaxes and gets drowsy
theta waves
slow and large waves when a person sleeps
N1 - Light Sleep
theta wave activity increases, alpha wave activity fades; non REM; people will not believe that they are asleep if they are awakened; may experience hypnagogic images (hallucinations)
hypnic jerk
when someone drifts off to sleep and their knees, arms, and legs give a jerk
N2 - Sleep Spindles
body temperature continues to drop, heart rate slows, breathing becomes more shallow and irregular; EEG shows sleep spindles; people will be aware that they slept if they are woken up; theta wave activity predominant
sleep spindles
bursts of activity lasting 1-2 seconds during N2 sleep
N3 - Delta Waves
delta wave activity increases from 20 percent to 50 or more percent; deepest stage of sleep, known as slow wave sleep (SWS); people in deep sleep are very hard to awaken
delta waves
slowest and largest waves, appear in N3
R
stage with near waking temperatures; eyes move rapidly, heart beats faster, waves resemble beta waves; referred to as REM sleep; dreams are more vivid, detailed, longer, and more bizarre
sleep paralysis
muscles are paralyzed in REM sleep
REM rebound
being deprived of REM sleep increases REM the next night
nightmares
bad dreams, normally experienced during REM sleep
REM Behavior disorder
brain mechanisms that inhibit voluntary muscles fail
Night terrors
state of panic experienced in deep non-REM sleep
Insomnia
the inability to get sleep, stay asleep, or get good quality sleep
sleep apnea
person stops breathing for 10 seconds or more
narcolepsy
person slips suddenly into REM sleep during the day
