operant conditioning

what is operant conditioning?

Involves associating stimuli with responses (behaviours) which are in turn influenced by consequences

who was burrhus frederic skinner?

a psychologist that believed organism would repeat behaviours with desirable consequences and not repeat behaviours with undesirable consequences.

what is phase 1: antecedent

a stimuli that occurs before a behaviour is initiated

what is phase 2: behaviour

the action you voluntarily complete after the presence of the antecedent stimulus

what is phase 3: consequences

the environmental event that follows behaviour also affecting he occurrence of the behaviour.

the behaviour is followed by a reward or a punishment.

example of operant conditioning process

antecedent - the word male on a bathroom door - behaviour - enter if your a male - consequence - release your full bladder - positive reinforcement - will continue to go bathroom when bladder is full.

what is positive reinforcement?

a stimulus that increases the likelihood of the behaviour being recreated for the satisfying consequence.

what is negative reinforcement?

the removal of a aversive stimulus that when removed increases the likelihood of the behaviour being recreated for the satisfying consequence.

example of positive reinforcement

help your brother you get money from parents more likely to do it again

example of negative reinforcement

feel sick take a panadol removes headache more likely to take a panadol in the future

positive

adding something pleasant

negative

removing something unpleasant

what is reinforcement?

to occur when a stimulus strengthen or increase the frequency of likelihood of a response that it follows.

what is punishment?

the delivery of an unpleasant consequence following a response, or removal of a pleasant consequence following a respons

what is negative punishment?

involves the removal of a stimulus so that the behaviour will not be completed again.

example of negative punishment?

never being able to play sports with your friends again because you were late to class

what is positive punishment?

involves the presentation of a stimulus that decreases the likelihood that the behaviour will be repeated.

example of positive punishment?

having to run extra laps in gym class for being late

reinforcement….

increases the likelihood of a behaviour reoccurring

punishment…

decreases the likelihood of a behaviour reoccurring

what are some factors that influence the effectiveness of reinforcement and punishment?

• timing must be given immediately after response

• appropriateness

reinforcer = pleasing

punishment = unpleasing

what is stimulus generalisation?

the correct response can be made even if the stimulus isn't exactly the same

what is stimulus discrimination?

the correct response will only be made to ONE stimulus.

what is extinction?

the gradual decrease of the learned response

what is spontaneous recovery?

shows response again after extinction has occurred.