General Term E3

Viruses

Obligate intracellular parasites with no metabolic activity outside of the host cell

Protein coat

protects the fragile nucleic acids of viruses and ensures its delivery to the target cell

Baltimore system

Classification of viruses by the structure of their genome and mode of replication

Baltimore Type I

Viruses that contain double-stranded DNA

Ex. Herpesviruses and poxviruses

Baltimore Type II

viruses that contain single-stranded DNA

Sense (+) strand

RNA that can be directly turned into protein

Baltimore Type III

double stranded RNA

Baltimore Type IV

Positive (sense) single stranded RNA

Ex. Piconavirus

Baltimore Type V

Negative (antisense) single stranded RNA

Antisense strand

RNA that must be replicated to create a positive strand which can turn into proteins

Baltimore Type VI

single stranded RNA-RT (positive strand with DNA intermediate)

Ex. Retrovirus

Baltimore Type VII

Double stranded DNA-RT

Capsid

outer structure of proteins surrounding/protecting the viral genome

Capsomeres

Subunit proteins of capsids

Spike proteins

Proteins on some capsomeres that allow attachment to host cell

Envelope

Lipid membrane surrounding a capsid that allows attachment and entry to host cell

Viremia

viruses in bloodstream

Different points in the viral replication cycle

“Early” genes, “Late” genes, and “Intermediate” genes

“Early” genes

mRNA capping enzymes and viral RNA polymerase are transcribed first

“Late” genes

viral structural proteins making up capsid

“Intermediate” genes

Transcription factors for viral structural genes

General principal of immunization

Artificial and purposeful exposure to an infectious agent under conditions unlikely to cause serious disease and death could protect against natural exposure to the agent where serious disease or death would be expected

Prodromal period

Period of viral infection before symptoms

Neurotropic

Viruses infect the cells of the nervous system

Lymphotropic

Viruses infect lymohocytes

Dermatome

Area of your body where one spinal nerve supplies the skin

Viral latency

The tendency of viruses to become dormant after initial infection and disease manifestation, only to re-appear and cause disease again when the body is subjected to stress or some other activating stimulus

Splenomegaly

Enlarged spleen

Ataxia

Hopping locomotion

Abroviruses

Arthropod-borne viruses

Arthralgia

joint pain

Conjunctivitis

Red eyes

Microencephaly

Small head