Hesi a2 biology v1/v2

Which of the following is Not true of mitosis?

Mitosis can only be done by haploids

3 multiple choice options

In meiosis, the chromosomes number is reduced from

46 to 23

3 multiple choice options

cellular respiration takes place in which of the following?

Mitochondrion

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following is the term used to represent two alleles that are the same type?

Homozygous

3 multiple choice options

which of the following options identifies the products of cell respiration?

water,carbon dioxide,atp

3 multiple choice options

which stage of mitosis is occuring when nuclear envelope begins to disappear and the chromosomes begin to attach to the spindle that is forming along the axis of the cell?

prophase

3 multiple choice options

which movement requires carrier protein but no direct cellular energy

facilitated transport

which term denotes the movement of glucose molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration

active transport

plasmolysis is a term describing

Cellular shrinkage, which occurs when cells are immersed in hypertonic solution

the movement of a lesser concentration to a higher concentration is called?

active transport

Which particular structure is present in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

cell membrane

Plant cells differ from animal cells in?

plant cells have a cell wall and animal cells do not

which cell type is characterized by the lack of true nucleus and absence of membrane-bound organelle?

prokaryotic cell

which organelle is associated with hydrolytic enzymes and is sometimes referred to as a "suicide bad"

lysosomes

pinocytosis is the process of?

Enclosing a liquid substance in a membrane and secreting it into the cell

the plasma membrane of the eukaryotic cell is known to be

selectively permeable/impermeable

What primarily determines the shape of cells that lack cell walls?

microtubules and microfilaments

which organelles is responsible for the energy supply to a eukaryotic cell

chloroplast and mitochondria

which organelle is the synthesis of ATP associated with?

Mitochondria

the plasma membrane is soluble to?

lipids

the process whereby muscle cell produce lactic acid is called?

fermentation

during aerobic respiration, which of the following substances is released?

36 ATP

aerobic respiration does require oxygen

true

anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen

true

aerobic respiration occurs in the cytoplasm(glycolosis) and mitochondria

true

Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are produced by

aerobic respiration

only 2 ATPs are released during

anaerobic respiration

noncyclic photophosphorylation takes place inside the ?

thylakoids

the dark reaction of photosynthesis takes place in

stroma

aerobic respiration is more important than anaerobic because it produces?

more energy

which organelle is responsible for oxygen production

chloroplast

An organic catalyst that enhances the chemical reaction is called ?

enzyme

the first stage of aerobic cellular respiration is

glycolysis

gylcolysis occurs in the

cytoplasm

For the aerobic pathway, electron transport systems are located in the ?

mitochondrion

Codominance occurs when

both of the alleles in a heterozygote are expressed phenotypically in an individual

Mitosis in a single human cell usually results in the formation of ?

2 diploid cells

Meiosis in a single human cell usually result in formation of

4 haploid cells

if you produce sexually, you produce gametes via?

meiosis

if you produce asexually, you produce offspring via?

mitosis

which type of allele is expressed in the phenotype of only a homozygous individual?

dominant

cell division occurs most rapidly in

cancerous tissue

Which blood type is the universal donor?

Type O negative

Which blood type is the universal recipient?

Type AB positive

Passage of water through the membrane of a cell is called ?

osmosis

Which term includes all others?

organism

the kreb cycle produces

CO2 and H2

the presence of which substance is most important for all cell activity

water

the basic structure of the cell membrane is a?

Protein-impregnated phospholipid bilayer

organic substances made up of several amino acids bound together are?

protein

What are the processes that are involved in fermentation?

NAD+ regeneration and glycolysis only

the smallest known microorganisms

viruses

end product of glycolysis

2 pyruvate

end product of protein metabolism

amino acids

Carbohydrates are absorbed into the blood as

glucose

the substance basic to life is

proteins

amino acids that cannot be manufactured by the body are called

essential amino acids

the ability of a cell to reproduce is called

mitosis

in cellular metabolism glycolysis

does not require O2

Which of the biologic molecules are components of the molecules of inheritance?

nucleic acids

what is it called when a cell shrinks ?

hypertonic( lower concentration)

which of the following is not a nitrogenous base found in DNA?

uracil

what type of nutrient exchange occurs without the need for cellular energy

passive transport

which of the following statements is true about the Krebs cycle and Calvin cycle

both result in a net production of ATP and NADH

72 chromosomes undergo meiosis. How many chromosomes will be in each gamete?

36

Which of the following is not a product in the net reaction for glycolysis?

ADP

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following products of glucose oxidation are necessary for oxidative phosphorylation?

NADH and FADH2

The first step in the breakdown of glucose to extract energy for cellular metabolism is __________.

Glycolysis

In what part of the cell does glycolysis take place?

Cytoplasm (cytosol)

Glycolysis is the first stage in the process of cellular respiration. What is the main transformation that occurs during glycolysis?

Glycolysis produces ATP, pyruvate, and NADH by oxidizing glucose

Which of the following statements about the Krebs cycle is correct?

It produces NADH, FADH2, and ATP.

Which of the following correctly lists the reactants and products of the Krebs cycle?

Reactants: Acetyl CoA, NAD+, FAD; Products: Carbon dioxide, NADH, FADH2

In what part of the cell does the Krebs cycle take place?

Mitochondria

n which of the following stages of cellular respiration are electrons passed from one member of the transport chain to another in a series of redox reactions to make ATP?

Electron transport chain

What are the initial reactants that start the electron transport chain?

2 hydrogen ions, 2 electrons, and an oxygen molecule

Where is the electron transport chain found?

mitochondria

Cancer cells require large amounts of energy in the form of ATP. Which of the following processes results in the greatest production of ATP?

Oxidative phosphorylation

In which condition does a cell undergo fermentation instead of aerobic respiration?

During low amounts of oxygen

What number of ATPs are generated during the process of aerobic respiration?

36

Which of these correctly defines a prokaryotic cell?

A cell without a nucleus

3 multiple choice options

Which of these structures does not differentiate a prokaryotic from a eukaryotic cell?

Cell membrane

3 multiple choice options

Which of these is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Ribosome

The cytoskeleton of a eukaryotic cell has the following characteristic features

The cytoskeleton is present inside the cytoplasm, which holds microfilaments, microtubules, and fibers that aid in cellular movement.

Which one of the following statements justifies the comparison of plant and animal cells?

Plant cells have only one large central vacuole, and animal cells have one or more small vacuoles.

Which of the following best defines the function of the cell nucleus during reproduction?

The nucleus contains hereditary units which are passed on from parents to offspring during reproduction.

Which of the following functions are carried out by the nucleus?

The nucleus regulates the DNA transcription and translation process.

Which of these is a function of the ribosome?

Ribosomes help in amino acid assembly and in the formation of peptide bonds.

Which of the following body cells have large amounts of ribosomes?

Muscle cell

Which of the following describes the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum?

The endoplasmic reticulum is an interwoven network of membranes that extends from the surface of the nuclear membrane.

What is the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Rough ER helps in protein synthesis required for the rest of the cellular function.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum helps in which of the following functions?

Smooth ER regulates the synthesis of various lipids and hormones.

What is the main difference between the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?

The rough ER has ribosomes on its membrane surface whereas the smooth ER does not.

Which of the following is the function of the Golgi complex?

The Golgi complex helps in sorting the new proteins into the vesicles.

Which of these functions is performed by lysosomes?

Lysosomes carry out intracellular digestion and disintegrate the cell after its death.

Certain dead cells and foreign substances are normally removed from our cells with the help of cellular digestive enzymes. Which organelles contain these enzymes?

Lysosomes

Which of the following statements correctly describes plant vacuoles?

Vacuoles are empty spaces that exert pressure on the cell wall known as the turgor pressure.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the process of phagocytosis?

Phagocytosis is the process where the cell membrane invaginates to engulf food particles and forms a vacuole, within, to digest them.

Which of the following statements correctly describes mitochondria?

Mitochondria is responsible for cellular respiration in both plants and animals.

Mitochondria carry out the most vital function in the cell. What are the end products of this physiological reaction?

The end products mainly consist of ATP molecules with water and carbon dioxide as the byproducts.

Which of the following cell organelles are found in plants but not in animal cells?

Chloroplasts