buser gilded age

sectionalism

The influx in city population begins to define sectionalism, not as north vs south, or slave vs free state. The new divide is urban vs rural.

energy

Oil begins to surpass steam as the preferred energy source in industry. Mining for petroleum expands and Rockerfeller corners the oil market.

TRANSPORTATION

While railroads are the dominant mode of transportation, automobiles have become more common. Paved road infrastructure is still decades away, but new versions of transportation are becoming more known (even flight).

industrial production

Taylorism.

Mass production rules the era. ‘Taylorism’ and scientific management are utilized by most major fields. US economic GDP surpasses all of its European counterparts. People begin to believe industry will lead America into the future.

social darwinism

individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals

taylorism

enhance worker efficiency by breaking down complex tasks into simpler, manageable parts and optimizing factory layouts.

initiative

Any proposed law that has the ability to be passed through backing and petitions.

referendum

certain proposals must be put on the ballot for public approval both obligatory and optional.

recall

voters may remove a public official from office before the expiration of his or her term.

17th amendment

Grants people the power to directly elect their U.S. senators. Goal of eliminating political machines. Bring back power to the people.

horatio alger

the voice of defining America and looking at the industrialists as people that pulled themselves up as a self made man.

Rags to riches. “Strive and Succeed’, industrialist spirit with visionaries that were able to capitalize on uncharted territory

(parallels westward expansionists). America is the land of opportunity

henry george

industrialism causing a significant imbalance in economic prosperity. Achieving wealth by exploiting labor.

graft

corrupt or unethical use of political power and public funds for personal gain, often through bribery, kickbacks, or embezzlement, and is closely associated with the political machines

NACW

National Association of Colored Women

• focused on social reforms like healthcare, childcare, and education, and fought against racial segregation and anti-lynching laws

• laying groundwork for the Civil Rights Movement.

naacp

(National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

• civil rights organization founded 2 dismantle racial segregation and discrimination,

• secure civil rights for African Americans,

• end race-based violence like lynching.

NAWSA

National American Woman Suffrage Association,

• organization formed in 1890 from the merger of rival suffrage groups that successfully campaigned for women's right to vote,

• 19th Amendment

• activism, education, and lobbying at state + federal level

melting pot vs salad bowl

• Melting pot: cultural assimilation, where different cultures blend into a single homogenous one

• Salad bowl: cultural coexistence, distinct cultural identities are maintained and celebrated within a shared society

• melting pot suggests that minority groups must abandon their traditions, the salad bowl promotes the idea that individuals can retain their heritage while still being part of the larger national identity