Lesson 2 Etymological Notes & Shaded Blocks

Nouns of the Third Declension

What are the main four noun-forming suffixes used to form names of chemical substances?

-ate, -ide, -ite, and -one

What does it mean when a combining form is preceded by a hyphen (e.g., -em-)?

They are only found following a prefix or another combining form

What do words beginning with or containing coli- usually refer to?

Usually refer to colon bacillus, Escherichia coli

What do words containing cyst(i)- usually refer to?

Usually refer to the urinary bladder

What do words containing cholecyst- usually refer to?

Usually refer to the gallbladder

Where did the meaning of the word surgeon come from?

Came indirectly from the two Greek words cheir (hand) and ergon (action, work)

What came about from the Greek noun ergon?

What do these words mean?

What other words came from this Greek noun?

The words synergy and synergism

Both words mean “an action of two or more agents, muscles, or organs working with each other, cooperatively”

Synergia, Synergic, Synergetic, and Synergist

What is the meaning of the word Anastomosis?

Surgical or pathological connection of two tubular structures

What is the meaning of the word Arteriovenous Anastomosis?

An opening between an artery and a vein

What do words ending in -stomy indicate?

Indicates surgical procedures

What is the meaning of the word Enteroenterostomy?

Creation of a communication between two noncontiguous segments of the intestine

What is the meaning of the word Colostomy?

Opening of a portion of the colon to the skin surface of the abdomen

The opening is known as a Stoma (pl. Stomata / Stomas)

What does the suffix -oma indicate?

What are some examples and what do these words mean?

An abnormal or diseased condition OR an abnormal growth of tissue / a tumor

Ex. Trachoma (chronic contagious form of bacterial conjunctivitis) and Glaucoma (destructive disease of the eye caused by increased intraocular pressure)

What are some examples of malignant tumors?

Sarcoma malignant tumor originating in mesenchymal tissue, such as muscle (myosarcoma) or bone (osteosarcoma)

What is the meaning of the word Angiosarcoma?

What is another name for this word?

Tumor arising in the muscular tissue of a blood vessel

Also called a Hemangiosarcoma

What is the meaning of the word Neurosarcoma?

Sarcoma containing nerve cells

What does the word element to which the suffix -oma is affixed to indicate?

Either the location of the growth or its nature

What is the meaning of the word Hepatoma?

Nephroma?

Cholangioma?

Hemangioma?

Hematoma?

Tumor of the liver

Tumor of a kidney

A tumor of the bile ducts

A tumor of the blood vessels (swelling consists of dilated blood vessels)

A swelling comprising a mass of blood, which occurs when ruptured blood vessels flood the nearby tissues

What is the meaning of the word Melanoma?

Melanomatosis?

Malignant tumor composed of darkly pigmented cells (melanocytes)

Formation of numerous melanomas on or beneath the skin

What is the meaning of the word Oncogenesis?

Oncology?

Tumor formation and development

Branch of medicine that addresses cancer care, diagnostics, therapeutics, and research

What does the combining form -cele indicate?

How is it generally used?

Indicates an abnormal swelling

Generally used as a suffixed element of a word, usually meaning hernia

What is a hernia, as meant in the combining form -cele?

Protrusion of an organ or part of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it

What is the meaning of the word Cystocele?

Rectocele?

Hernia of the bladder

Hernia of the rectum into the vagina

What is the secondary meaning of the combining form -cele?

Indicates a swelling caused by an abnormal accumulation of fluid

What is the meaning of the word Hydrocele?

An accumulation of serous fluid in a saclike structure such as the scrotum in a newborn male child

What is the meaning of the word Keloid?

What is the combining form kel- an alternate form of?

Scarlike growth of tissue on the skin

Alternate form of cel-

What does the term cyst refer to?

Refers to either a cyst or the urinary bladder

What is the meaning of the word Dermoid Cyst?

Ovarian Cyst?

Cystalgia?

Cholecystitis?

Cyst containing elements of hair, teeth, or skin

Sac that develops in the ovary

Pain in the bladder

Inflammation of the gallbladder wall

What do words containing cholecyst- refer to?

Refers to the Gallbladder

What is the meaning of the word Dacryocyst?

Cystoid?

The lacrimal sac in ophthalmology

The growth called a cyst

What is the meaning of the word Colinephritis?

Inflammation of the kidney caused by the presence of Escherichia coli