allusion
indirect or passing reference to event, person, place, artistic work that author assumes reader will understand
anachronism
event, object, custom, person, thing that is out of its natural order of time
analogy
comparison of similar things, often to explain something unfamiliar with something familiar
aphorism
terse statement of principal or truth; maxim
apostrophe
rhetorical device in which speaker addresses dead or absent person; or an inanimate object or abstraction
cliche
any expression that has been used so often it has lost its freshness
epigram
any terse, witty, pointed saying
euphemism
substitution of mild term for one more offensive or hurtful
figurative language
language that contains figures of speech, such as metaphor, simile, personification
hyperbole
exaggeration for sake of emphasis in figure of speech not meant literally
kenning
metaphoric compound word or phrase used as synonym for common noun
litotes
figure of speech by which affirmation is made indirectly by saying its opposite, usually with effect of understatement
malapropism
comic substitution of one word for another similar in sound or quite different in meaning