Evolution Terms
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Last updated 7:59 PM on 10/11/22
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23 Terms
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evolution
decent with modification
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biological evolution
change in allele or genotype frequencies in populations over time
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polymorphism
distinct variants of character
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population
a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed producing fertile offspring
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gene pool
sum of all alleles at all gene loci in all individuals within a population
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Hardy-Weinberg Principle
no mutation, no gene flow, large population, no natural selection, random mating
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mutation
a heritable change in DNA
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gene flow
change in allele frequencies as individuals join a population and reproduce
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genetic drift
random changes in allele frequencies caused by chance events
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natural selection
differential survivorship or reproduction of individuals with different genotypes
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population bottleneck
reduction in alleles due to population reduction
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founder effect
reduced genetic diversity when a small population splits from the main population and interbreeds with a smaller gene pool resulting in little genetic variation
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relative fitness
contribution of an individual to the gene pool in the next generation relative to the contribution of others
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directional selection
favours individuals near one end of the phenotypic spectrum
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stabilizing selection
favours individuals with intermediate phenotypes
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disruptive selection
favours individuals with extreme phenotypes
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sexual selection
competition for mates
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balancing selection
different forms of selection that lead to active maintenance
of genetic variation in a population
of genetic variation in a population
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balanced polymorphisms
maintained genotypic variation
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heterozygote advantage
heterozygotes have higher fitness than homozygotes and their reproduction maintains the homozygote population
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frequency dependent selection
fitness of a genotype increases as its frequency decreases
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vestigial structures
structures that have no function and appear to be the evolutionary left overs of a past ancestor
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morphology
the study of size, shape and structure of various organisms to show how they are related
