Module 1 Work Sheet

Flashcards covering key concepts in biochemistry, including amino acids, protein structure, nucleotides, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.

Which part of an amino acid determines its unique properties?

R group (side chain)

What level of protein structure is determined by the sequence of amino acids?

Primary structure

What is the name of the bond that links amino acids together in a protein?

Peptide bond

Which molecule contains a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base?

Nucleotide

What is the structure of a phospholipid?

One glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group

Which level of protein structure involves interactions between R groups?

Tertiary structure

Why aren't lipids considered true polymers?

They are not made of repeating monomer units

Can humans digest cellulose?

No, humans lack the enzyme cellulase

What type of chemical reaction breaks down polymers into monomers?

Hydrolysis

What are the monomers of proteins?

Amino acids

What is the simplest form of carbohydrate?

Monosaccharide (e.g., glucose)

What molecule stores genetic information?

DNA

Is ATP a nucleotide?

Yes, it stores energy for cellular processes

What type of molecules dissolve easily in water?

Hydrophilic molecules

What is the primary structure of a protein?

The sequence of amino acids in a chain (like letters in a word)

What is the secondary structure of a protein?

Local folding into shapes like α-helices or β-sheets caused by hydrogen bonding in the backbone

What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

The overall 3D shape of a single chain caused by interactions between R groups (side chains)

What is the quaternary structure of a protein?

When two or more protein chains (subunits) join together to form a functional protein