Distillation Techniques: Simple and Fractional Methods

Simple distillation

Technique to separate solvent from solution.

Solvent

Substance that dissolves a solute.

Solution

Homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent.

Dissolved solute

Substance that is dissolved in a solvent.

Boiling point

Temperature where substance changes from liquid to gas.

Vapour

Gaseous state of a substance at boiling point.

Condensed

Process of vapour turning back into liquid.

Fractional distillation

Method to separate liquids based on boiling points.

Ethanol

Alcohol commonly separated from water mixtures.

Fractions

Different components obtained from crude oil.

Distillation column

Vertical apparatus for separating vapours by temperature.

Heating mixture

Process to increase temperature for distillation.

Cooling condenser

Device that cools vapour to form liquid.

Collecting liquids

Gathering separated substances from distillation column.

Lowest boiling point

Temperature at which a substance evaporates first.

Concentration

Amount of solute remaining in solution after distillation.