BIOL 3204 Final

test questions

The image depicted here represents the female hormonal cycle. Key hormones are indicated with numbers 1,2,3, and 4. Which hormones are synchronized in the ovarian cycle?

LH, FSH, and Estrogen

What organ is primarily responsible for the removal of wastes and foreign substances from the blood?

Kidney

Bronchodilation can be stimulated by

Epinephrine

Cushing's syndrome causes excess fat around the midsection in part because of increased gluconeogenesis. This condition is also called?

Hypercortisolism

In females, puberty induces groups of _ to start developing into _ about every 28 days

Primary follicles and secondary follicles

Inflammation in the form of swelling and soreness indicated that?

The immune system is responding to a virus

In the cell-mediated immune response...

B-cells are activated by helper T-cells

Steroid hormones are:
1. Derived from Cholesterol
2. Derived from single amino acids
3. Lipophilic molecules
4. Lipophobic molecules

1 and 3 are correct

An otherwise healthy person with a fully0functional osmoregulatory system died due to rapid consumption of large volumes of water. What would you expect to find?

A very high amount of ADH in circulation

T-cells mature in the:

thymus

Developing spermatozoa are nourished by

Sertoli cells

Tight junctions are not required for the functions of

The vomition center

What does follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) do?

FSH is secreted by the anterior pituitary in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone sent from the hypothalamus. FSH induces gamete development.

All of the following would cause an increase in blood pressure except

A decrease in cardiac output

Eicosanoids are

cell signaling molecules (derived from arachidonic acid)

Identify the correct order of the structures illustrated 1-5

Pons, cerebellum, pituitary gland, frontal lobe, corpus callosum

Messenger molecule binds a cell membrane receptor which activates ___ leading to the signal cascade. This is an example of a ____ hormone

A G-protein; either amino acid derived or peptide

One of the rules of the corpus luteum is to

Produce progesterone to maintain early pregnancy

The main protein of the thick filament is ___, while the main protein of the thin filament is___

Myosin, Actin

Region where an axon terminal meets its target cell is called the

Synapse

which of the following is false regarding lactation

A baby sucking is necessary to stimulate the higher brain centers that produce lactation

Match each leukocyte to the correct characteristic or function:

Eosinophils: numbers increase with allergies and/or parasites
Natural killer cells: cause infected cells to self-destruct
Basophils: have granules that cause inflammation
Neutrophils: most abundant type
Dendritic cells: they present antigens
Helper T-cells: they re destroyed by HIV

How to B cells recognize specific antigens

Using the variable region of their immunoglobulin and receptor

People who have a condition called common variable immune deficiency do not produce enough antibodies this lack of antibody production could result from all of the following except

And inability of infected cells to present antigen by texting with MHC

Person who does not produce enough antibodies would be inhibited in all the following except

Programmed cell death of infected cells by natural killer cells

Which statement about intracellular receptors is not true

Binding of intracellular receptors typically triggers DNA transcription

The contraceptive commonly known as "the pill" contains ___ it works by___

Estrogen and progesterone, mimicking a pregnancy to prevent menses and ovulation

The major site of homeostatic control and interface between nervous and endocrine function

Hypothalamus

The early stage of embryonic development that is characterized as a single-layered sphere of cells encircling a fluid-filled cavity with an inner cell mass capable of adhering to the wall of the uterus is called a...

Blastocyst

Which of the following is not one of the three steps of voluntary movement

Counteracting the movement

These abundant leukocytes of the innate defense are known as "first responders". They are typically classified as phagocytes, but they are also capable of deploying lysosomes

Neutrophils

The rolling contractile motion of the intestines is due to signals passing through

Gap junctions

What is true about proteins troponin and tropomyosin in skeletal muscle contraction

The inhibit the binding necessary for contraction

In molecular biology, "transcription" and "translation" have a specific meanings. Select the CORRECT definition:

A gene is transcribed into a mRNA

The contractile a unit of a skeletal muscle is the

sarcomere

Which property should increase the rate of simple diffusion

Greater surface area of the cell membrane

Peyer's patches...

line the small intestine, are filled with white blood cells, and fight intestinal infection

If you close your eyes and reach forward with one hand, you will know the position of your hand because of ___ activation

Proprioceptor

To be capable of fertilizing an egg, a sperm must:

Be capacitated by exposure to the female reproductive tract

Just before a class presentation, you have butterflies in your stomach and are beginning to blush. Which is true about this response

The limbic system may be playing a role, these are autonomic reflexes, these are polysynaptic reflexes, emotion is being transformed into visceral function.

Which of these cannot be considered a defense mechanism against pathogens in the digestive system

Bicarbonate

The total amount of neurotransmitter released at the axon terminal is directly related to the...

Total number of action potential's

Metabolic catalysts made of proteins are called...

Enzymes

Which of the following hormones are produced by the kidneys?

Erythropoietin

What occurs during menstruation

The endometrium lining of the uterus is discarded

A surge in___triggers ovulation

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

The internal sphincter of the bladder is composed of___ and is___closed when the bladder is relaxed

Smooth muscle, passively

What levels of hormone production would you expect at each tier of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis if a person has a functioning pituitary tumor?

High levels of thyroid stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary, high levels of thyroid hormone from the thyroid and low levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus

This image is a cross-section of a...

Penis

B cell activation requires...

B cell receptor matching of antigen and activation by a helper T cell

Which of the following is correct regarding ovulation? The___ stimulates the___to release___. This stimulates the development of___which produces increasing amounts of___ and in turn stimulates the release of___to trigger ovulation

Hypothalamus, luteinizing hormone. follicles, estrogen, luteinizing hormone

Inhibitory signals...

Hyperpolarize the cell

Which of the following involves active transport of solutes into the nephron?

Tubular secretion

Barriers are considered part of the___immune system.

Innate

What is not a possible way to differentiate leukocytes

By where they are made

These gonadal cell types are primarily responsible for testosterone production...

interstitial (leydig) cells

Which is an adequate stimulus for a mechanoreceptor

Cell swelling

The cortical reaction...

Allows the egg to prevent polyspermy (fertilization by multiple sperm)

Which of the following is correct regarding the movement of blood infiltrate through the nephron

Moves into the glomerular capillaries via the afferent arterioles, filtrate moves from the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule, to the proximal convoluted tubule, through the loop of Henle, to the distal convoluted tubule, and then to the collecting duct

The sac around the heart is the...

Pericardium

Which of the following is false regarding the placenta

It is produced by the endometrial lining

In this image, the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is...

B

A carbohydrate is...

Carbon + hydrogen + oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio

Where are dead erythrocytes recycled

Spleen

Agonistic effects on the primary endocrine gland Will typically cause ___ production of the primary hormone, ___ production of releasing hormones from the hypothalamus, and ___ production of tropic hormone from the anterior pituitary

Increased, decreased, decreased

Which of these conditions is the least likely to involved impaired mucociliary clearance

Snoring