Care of Women at Risk During Pregnancy, Labor, Childbirth, and the Postpartum Period

These flashcards cover important concepts and definitions related to the care of women at risk during pregnancy, labor, childbirth, and the postpartum period.

What are the classifications of perineal lacerations based on severity?

1st-degree: skin and vaginal mucosa; 2nd-degree: perineal muscles; 3rd-degree: anal sphincter; 4th-degree: rectal mucosa.

What is gestational hypertension defined as?

High blood pressure (≥140/90 mmHg) that develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy without proteinuria or organ damage.

What are the signs of placental abruption?

Painful, dark red vaginal bleeding, sudden severe abdominal pain, rigid uterus, fetal distress, and signs of shock.

What is the management for mild cases of postpartum hemorrhage?

Uterine massage and medications.

What is the definition of preterm labor?

Labor that begins before 37 weeks of gestation.

What are the risk factors for placenta previa?

Previous placenta previa, multiple pregnancies, previous C-section, advanced maternal age, and smoking.

What medications are used for pregnancy-induced hypertension?

Antihypertensives like Labetalol, Nifedipine, Methyldopa, and Magnesium sulfate for severe cases.

What is the purpose of corticosteroids in preterm labor management?

To promote fetal lung maturity.

What are the common causes of postpartum hemorrhage?

Tone (uterine atony), tissue (retained placental fragments), trauma (lacerations), and thrombin (coagulation disorders).

What defines a high-risk pregnancy?

A pregnancy with increased risk of complications for the mother, fetus, or both.

What are the signs and symptoms of Down Syndrome?

Flat facial profile, upward slanting eyes, single palmar crease, hypotonia, and developmental delays.

What are the possible symptoms of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants?

Tachypnea, grunting, nasal flaring, retractions, cyanosis, and decreased breath sounds.

What characterizes a congenital anomaly?

Birth defects affecting structure or function, such as neural tube defects or cardiac defects.

What are the atypical markers for hydrocephalus?

Bulging fontanelles, enlarged head circumference, sunset eyes, and irritability.

What is the main concern of lead poisoning in children?

Toxic accumulation of lead leading to developmental delays, behavioral problems, abdominal pain, and anemia.

What are signs of acute glomerulonephritis?

Hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, and edema.

What management is typically needed for a child with Hirschsprung disease?

Surgical removal of the affected bowel segment.

What are warning signs for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.