List B AP Gov Vocab

Unitary Government

All power rests with the central government.

Confederation

Power rests with autonomous units.

Federalism

Two or more tiers of government share their power over the same territory of people.

Power of the Purse

The ability of the federal government to influence policy by providing or withholding money from the states.

Crossover sanctions

Federal money can be taken away for not following unrelated rules.

Supremacy Clause

Federal law is above state law.

Enumerated vs. Implied Powers

Enumerated: powers clearly states in the constitution

Commerce Clause

Congress can regulate trade between states

Full faith and credit clause

States must honor other states laws and court decisions.

Extradition Clause

States must return criminals who flee to another state

Privileges and Immunities

states must treat citizens from other states fairly.

Dual Federalism

The states are supreme in some policy areas, and the federal government is supreme in other policy areas.

Cooperative Federalism

Federal and state governments work together

Fiscal Federalism

when the federal government receives taxes from citizens of the states and returns some of that money back to the states in the form of grants.

Devolution

the transfer of responsibility for a government program from the federal to the states government.

Welfare Reform Act

Gave states more control over welfare programs.

Categorical Grants

Federal money to be used on projects.

Crosscutting requirements

Rules that apply to all federal grants

Project grant

categorical grants given on the basis of a competitive competition.

Formula Grant

distributed to the states based on the application of some mathematical formula.

Block Grant

Allow states to choose how to spend a grant aimed at a broad policy area.

Unfunded Mandate

given to states with no money to help follow through with the directive

ADA

required public schools and buildings yo provide accommodations for people with disabilities.