Neurology and Brain Functions

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts in neurology, focusing on brain structures and their functions.

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, providing protection from trauma and cushioning.

Thalamus

Part of the brain that processes sensory information and determines whether it is relevant.

Midbrain (Mesencephalon)

A part of the brain involved in reflexes and the coordination of movement.

Decorticate Posture

A posture indicating severe brain injury, characterized by rigid body and flexed arms.

Pons

Part of the brainstem that is involved in regulating breathing and signaling between the cerebellum and the cerebrum.

Medulla Oblongata

Part of the brainstem that controls vital functions such as heart rate and breathing.

Cerebellum

A region of the brain that coordinates voluntary movements and maintains posture and balance.

Diencephalon

Part of the brain that includes the thalamus and hypothalamus.

Reticular Activating System (RAS)

A network in the brain that plays a crucial role in regulating wakefulness and sleep-wake transitions.

Homunculus Distribution

A representation of the body in the brain that shows the areas responsible for motor and sensory functions.

Basal Nuclei

Groups of nuclei in the brain involved in controlling movement and coordination.

Limbic System

A complex system of structures in the brain associated with emotions and memory.

REM Sleep

(Rapid Eye Movement) the sleep stage during which most dreaming occurs, characterized by rapid movement of the eyes.

Precentral Gyrus

Area of the brain that controls voluntary movements, primarily responsible for motor function.

Postcentral Gyrus

Area of the brain that processes sensory information from the body, primarily responsible for sensation.