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The central dogma of molecular biology
DNA- RNA- proteins
Stages of transcription
Initiation, elongation, termination
Function of rna polymerase
Synthesize a strand of mRNA in 5-3
mRNA ends
5’ g cap and a 3’ poly a tail to prevent other enzymes eating it up
Purpose of RNA splicing
Introns removed by spliceosomes exons are pasted together to make a mature mRNA strand
Large ribosomal subunit
Catalyzes peptide bond formation
Small ribosomal subunit
Decodes genetic message
Alternative splicing
More tan one stand of mRNA can be made from the same gene
Histones
DNA is wrapped around positively charged proteins that provide structural support to the chromosome
Histone acetlyation
Alters chromatin structure and allows dna binding proteins to interact with exposed sites to activate transcription
DNA methylation
Represses transcription
Operon structure
Operator promoter and structural genes
Repressor
Turns transcription off when turned on (TRP)
Inducer
Turns transcription on (LAC)
CRISPR
Go in an edit one specific gene
Gene therapy
Use viruses to deliver functional copies of genes
Gene switches
Alter the switches with regulate the expression of genes by binding to different proteins that affect rna polymerase
Exon skipping
Shortened but functional protein
Small molecule drugs
Interact directly with disease causing proteins block negative affect s of disease causing proteins or restore
