7th science KINGGGG

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remain or traces of a living thing

Fossil

4\.5 billion to 541 million years ago

ANnelid

precambrian Fossil

541 million to 252 million years ago

Phanerosteon phonax

Paleozoic Fossil

252 million to 66 million years ago

Dinosaur

Mesozoic

66 million years ago to today

dragonfly

Cenozoic

Form when partically plant or animal pressed and cenement together

Sedimentary Rock

an energy rich substance formed the remains of organisms

Fossil Fuel

The rigid outermost layer of the earth, 50-100 km thick, consits of crust and upper most mantle

Lithosphere

The hot rock layer of the earth beneath the crust and surrounding the core

299 km deep

Mantle

A layer of molten iron and nickle that surround the inner core

5,100 km deep

Outer core

A dense sphere of solid iron and nickle in the center of the earth

Inner core

The theory that pieces or plates of the earth lithosphere are in constant motion

Plate Tectonis

When 2 block of earth suddenly slip past one

Earthquake

Break of earth lithosp

here which block move or slip

Fault

Surface above earthquake focuse

Epicenter

Vibration travel through earth carrying energy release during

seismic wave

first seismic wave(faster)

Primary wave

second seismic wave slower wave than primary wave

Secondary wave

the direct transfer of energy through empty space by electromagnetic wave

Radiation

The transfer of heat from one to another by direct contact of particle matter

Conduction

transfer of heat by movements of a fluid

convection

in the sun, hot plasma rises from the core toward the surface where it cools and sinks back toward from the core

Convection current

Dark, cooler region on the surface of the moon

Sunspot

energy from sun converted into electrical or thermal energy

Solar Power

Device converting solar energy into electricity

Photovoltaic cell

A method of Coverting solar energy into heat without pumps or fans

Passive Solar Heating

focuses infrared light at an object to detect and measure energy or radiation coming from surface detector translate amount of electricity

Infrared thermometer

4 vent from which magma, gas, and ash are erupted and the structure built by such eruptions

Volcano

Most common… steep conical hills… usually have a prominent crater at the top

Cinder Cone

Large, active over long period, and erupt periodically, common have snow-covered peaks

Composite

largest volcano, brad with gentle slopes, shaped like a warrdor shield lying flat on the earth. Built by lava flows during repeated eruption.

shield

form from slow extrusion of thick silicic lave… small do not have a crater.

Lava Dome

molten mixture of rock-forming substances

Magma

Magma that reaches the surface and the rock formed when liquid lava hardens.

Lava

where the pacific plate meet

%75 of volcano come from this

Ring of Fire

Heat energy from beneath earth use to generate electricity

Geothermal energy

Long-term change in the average weather patters across earth like rising sea level

glabal climate chage

Envelope of gases surrounding the earth

Atmosphere

A force is result of weight of a column of air pushing down q

Air Pressure

The lowest layer of the Earth atmosphere where weather occurs

Trosphere

Gas molecule of oxygen contain 3 oxygen atoms instead of the usual 2

Ozone

Layer in stratosphere 20-35 km above the surface of earth concentration of ozone is produce solar ultra violet (UV) rays

Ozone layer

Chlorine compound formerly use in aerosol air conditioners and refrigerators.

When release in upper atmosphere destroy ozone layer

Chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs)

The process by which heat is trap in the atmosphere by water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and other gases that form a “blanket around earth

Greenhouse effect

Daily rise and fall of earth water on shore as a result of combination of earth rotation cause by gravity pull of moon

Ocean tides

A system of magnetic fields that shield the earth from harmful solar and radiation Generated by the electrically charged a milten iron in the outer core of earth

Earth magnetic field

Process want to use water and energy make food

Photosynthesis

Balloon filled with helum

Piball

Deep ocean current drive by different in water desity controlled by temperature(therme) and salinity (hallne)

Thermohaline circualtion

Renewable energy source that uses the temperature difference between the deep cold and warmer surface waters of the Ocea generate electric

Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC)

Warmer than average ocean temperature in the Pacific Ocean causing the Pacific jet stream to move south and spread further East

El Nino

Opposite of El Nino to move north (colder)

La Nina

Undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor produced a disvergent plate boundary

Mid Ocean ridge

Determines the distance of an object under water by recording echoes of sound waves

Sonar ( sound Navigation)

Bottom of Ocean that can be rich in minerals where the matter is heated as it come in contact

with magma

Ocean Floor

Magma rises from mantle makes new sea floor. add new material to sea floor

Sea Floor Spreading

Forms when oceanic crust bends downward from subd\`uction

Deep ocean trench

Process which ocean floors sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench back into the mantle

Subduction

Water diswave and made a wave

Tsunami

Electricity generated from the movement of tides.

Tidal energy

continuous water circulate from earth surface to Atmosphere

Water cycle

Rain, snow and sleet from rain clouds

Percipitation

Water running from land into the ocean

Runoff

Sun heats the waters and dries it up

Evaporation

Water vapor in the attmosphere turns to water

vapor

COndensation

\
3Rainwater having an abnormally high content of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide and showing a pit between 2 and 5 as a result of air pollution by combus

tion products of fuel

Acid rain

Water that fills the cracks and pores in underground soil and rock layers

Ground water

Materials like, sand gravel that allow water to pass easily through them

permeable

Material that water does not easily pass through

Impermeable

Underground later of rocks soil that hold water

Watertable

The diffusion of water through a semipermeable

Osmosis

Electricity produced by the kinetic energy of water moving over a waterfall or dam

Hydropower

A tropical storm that has winds at 119 kilometers per hours or higher; typically about 600 km across

Hurricane

Narrow, violently rotate colum fair that extend from a thunderstorm to the ground

Tornado

Use wind kintetic energy to generate electricity through a wind turnel

WInd power

Device converted wind kinetic energy into electrical energy

WInd turbine

The earth land of the record of earth history

Geologic time scale

The age based relation and age

Relative Dating

Techniques use specific ages if there is more new and vise versa

Absolute Dating

large steam of moving water that flows through the ocean

Ocean current

aquifer

underground layer of rock, soil that hold water

imagine line pass through earth center, North, South Ples, rotation cause day and night

Earth axis

Angel of earth axis of rotation is tilted as it travel around sun current , 23.4 degre

es

Earth titl

earth has season bc it axis it tilt

season

distance Norths from Equator measure in degrees

Latitude

halfway be

tween N and S poles

Equator

distance in degree east or west of the prime meridian

Longtitude

zero degree longtitude

Prime Meridian

different time at place 24 time zone

each zone is 15 degrees wide (360 degrees / 24 = 15 degrees)

Time Zone

Model of all part of earth seen above

Map

Sphere represent Earth surface

Globe

One half of hemisphere

Hemisphere

Particles in air caused by chemical

Air pollution

Gases and particles emitted by various sources

Emissions

Huge body of air that has similar temperature, pressure and humidity

Air mass

transition between 2 different air mass

Weather Front

intense storm associated with a cumulonimbus cloud

Thunderstorm

Potential of hydrogen Measure of concentration of hydrogen in a solution

Ph scale