Ch. 3: Bones, Joints, and muscles of the trunk

A&P Lab

Vertebral foramen

Transverse process

Transverse Foramen

A small hole in each transverse process. The vertebral artery and vein run through these foramina

Spinous process

Superior articular process

Superior articular facet

Flat, articulating surfaces

Inferior articular process

inferior articular facet

Cervical (C1-C7)

small vertebral nodies, transverse foramen

Thoracic (T1-T12)

inferior-sloping spinous process, articulating facts oriented anterior/posterior, costal facets

Lumbar Vertebrae (L1-L5)

non-sloping spinous process, articulating facets oriented medial/lateral, large vertebrae bodies

Sacrum (S1-S5)

Formed by 5 fused verebrae

Coccyx (Co1-Co3 or Co5)

Formed by 3-5 fused vertebrae

Vertebral canal

Formed from stacked vertebral foramina; spinal cord travels through the vertebral canal

Intervertebral foramen

Opening between vertebrae for spinal nerves

Intervertebral disc

sac-like **** of cartilage that sits between vertebrae

costa or costal bone

singlular

costae or costals

plural

head

articulates with two vertebral bodies

tubervle

articulates with the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra

Costal groove

a depression that runs along the interior surface of each costa

What makes up the costa?

head, tubercle, and costal groove

What makes up the sternum?

Manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

linea alba

a band of fibrous tissue that runs from the xiphoid process to the top of the pelvis

atlanto-occipital joint

occipital bone, atlas (c1) vertebra

atlanto-axial joint

atlas (c1) axis (c2) vertebrae

intervertebral joint

adjacent vertebrae

vertebrocostal joint

t1-t2 vertebral body and transverse processes, costae

flexion

extension, lateral flexion

rotation

elevation

depression

erector spinae group

extension of the vertebral column

rectus abdominis

flexes the vertebral column

external oblique

rotates, flexes, and laterally flexes the vertebral column; depresses costae

internal oblique

rotates, flexes, and laterally flexes the vertebral column; depresses costae

transversus abdominis

compresses the abdominoplevic cavity

sternocleidomastoid

rotates head at the atlantoaxial joint; flexes head at the atlanto-occipital joint and neck intervertebral joints; laterally flexes the head at the neck intervertebral joints

splenius capitis

rotates head at the atlantoaxial joint; extends head at the atlanto-occipital joint and neck intervertebral joints; laterally flexes the head at the neck intervertebral joints

external intercostals

elevates the costae (inhalation)

internal intercostals

depresses the costae (exhalation)