Human Nutrition Chapter 7+8

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45 Terms

1

Functions of Water

  • Transport Vehicle

  • Solvent

  • Cleansing Agent

  • Lubricant

  • Cushion

  • Coolant

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2

Function of Sodium

  • Fluids and electrolyte balance

  • Maintains acid base balance

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3

Calcium Roles

  • Regulates ion transport

  • Maintains normal blood pressure

  • Essential for blood clotting

  • Essential for muscle contraction

  • Activates cellular enzymes

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4

Phosphorus Functions

  • Mineralization of bones + teeth

  • Part of phospholipds

  • Important in genetic material

  • Energy metabolism

  • Buffering systems

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5

Magnesium Functions

  • Bone mineralization

  • Enzyme activation

  • Heart function

  • Immune function

  • Muscle contraction

  • Nerve function

  • Protein synthesis

  • Protein synthesis

  • Tooth maintenance

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6

Calcium Sources

  • Sardines (with bones)

  • Milk

  • Tofu

  • Yogurt

  • Cheddar Cheese

  • Turnip Greens (Cooked)

  • Waffle

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7

Phosphorus Sources

  • Cottage Cheese

  • Milk

  • Navy Beans (Cooked)

  • Salmon (Canned w/ bones)

  • Sirloin Steak (Lean)

  • Sunflower Seeds

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8

Magnesium Sources

  • Spinach (Cooked)

  • Black Beans (Cooked)

  • Soy Milk

  • Bran Cereal

  • Sunflower Seeds

  • Yogurt (Plain)

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9

Calcium Deficiency

  • Osteoporosis

  • Osteopenia

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10

Phosphorus Deficiency

  • Muscular weakness

  • Bone Pain

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11

Magnesium Deficiency

  • Weakness

  • Confusion

  • Hallucination

  • Growth Failure (in kids)

  • Convulsions

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12

Magnesium Toxicity

  • Diarrhea

  • pH imbalance

  • Dehydration

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13

Phosphorus Toxicty

  • Calcification of soft tissue

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14

Potassium Functions

  • Maintains normal fluid and electrolyte balance

  • Facilitates chemical reactions

  • Supports cell integrity

  • Assists in nerve functioning and muscle contractions

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15

Potassium Deficiency

  • Muscle weakness

  • Paralysis

  • Confusion

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16

Potassium Toxicity

  • Muscle weakness

  • Vomiting

  • Can stop the heart (If injected into a vein of an adult)

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17

Potassium Sources

  • Orange Juice

  • Butternut Squash (baked)

  • Lima Beans (Cooked)

  • Wild Salmon (Cooked)

  • Baked Potato

  • Avocado

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18

Chloride Functions

  • Helps maintain fluid balance

  • Maintains acidity of the stomach, necessary for protein digestion

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19

Iodine Functions

  • Works with the hormone thyroxine

  • Regulates metabolic rate

  • Regulates temperature, reproduction, growth, and heart function

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20

Iodine Deficiency

  • Goiters

  • Cretinism

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21

Iodine Sources

  • Seafood

  • Salt

  • Produce grown in iodine-rich soil

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22

Functions of Iron

  • Carries oxygen as part of hemoglobin in blood or myoglobin in muscles

  • Required for cellular energy metabolism

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23

Iron Deficiency

  • Anemia

  • Weakness

  • Fatigue

  • Headaches

  • Impaired mental and physical work performance

  • Impaired immunity

  • Pale Skin

  • Pica

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24

Iron Toxicity

  • GI distress

  • Infections

  • Skin pigmentation

  • Organ damage

  • Joint pain

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25

Iron Sources

  • Clams (Steamed)

  • Beef Steak

  • Navy Beans (Cooked)

  • Black Beans (Cooked)

  • Enriched Cereal

  • Spinach (Cooked)

  • Swiss Chard (Cooked)

  • Beef Liver (Cooked)

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26

Zinc Functions

  • Activates many enzymes

  • Associated with hormones

  • Synthesis of genetic material and proteins

  • Transport of vitamin A

  • Taste perception

  • Wound healing

  • Reproduction

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27

Zinc Deficiency

  • Growth retardation

  • Delayed sexual maturation

  • Impaired immune function

  • Hair loss

  • Eye and skin lesions

  • Loss of appetite

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28

Zinc Toxicity

  • Loss of appetite

  • Impaired immunity

  • Reduced iron absorption

  • Low HDL cholesterol

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29

Zinc Sources

  • Oysters (Steamed)

  • Beef Steak (Lean)

  • Yogurt (Plain)

  • Shrimp (Cooked)

  • Enriched Cereal

  • Pork Chop

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30

Fat-soluble vitamins

Vitamins A, D, E, K

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31

Water-soluble vitamins

B vitamins and Vitamin C

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32

Functions of Vitamin A

  • Eyesight

  • Gene regulation

  • Epithelial tissue

  • Cell differentiation

  • Immune function

  • Reproduction and growth

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33

Beta-carotene Toxicity

Harmless yellowing of skin

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34

Vitamin A Functions

  • Vision

  • Maintenance of Cornea

  • Epithelial cells

  • Mucous membranes

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35

Vitamin A Deficiency

  • Night blindness

  • Corneal drying (Xerosis)

  • Corneal blindness (Xerophthalmia)

  • Impaired growth

  • Keratin lumps on the skin

  • Impaired immunity

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36

Vitamin A Toxicity

  • Nausea

  • Vomiting

  • Headache

  • Vertigo

  • Blurred Vision

  • Uncoordinated muscles

  • Increased pressure inside the skull

  • Birth Defects

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37

Vitamin A Sources

  • Fortified Milk

  • Carrots (Cooked)

  • Sweet Potato (Baked)

  • Spinach (Cooked)

  • Beef Liver (Cooked)

  • Bok Choy (Cooked)

  • Apricots

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38

Vitamin D Functions

  • Mineralization of bones and teeth

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39

Vitamin D Defiency

  • Abnormal Bone Growth

  • Osteomalacia in adults

  • Malformed teeth

  • Muscle spasms

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40

Viitamin D Toxicity

  • Elevated blood calcium

  • Calciication of soft tissues

  • Excessive thirst

  • Headache

  • Nausea

  • Weakness

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41

Vitamin D Sources

  • Enriched Cereal

  • Sardines

  • Salmon or Mackerel

  • Sunlight

  • Cod-Liver Oil

  • Fortified Milk

  • Tuna (light, canned)

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42

Vitamin C Functions

  • Collagen synthesis

  • Forms scar tissue

  • Provides matrix for bone growth

  • Antioxidant

  • Restores Vitamin E

  • Supports immune system

  • Boosts iron absorption

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43

Vitamin C Defiency

  • Scurvy

  • Fatigue

  • Bleeding gums

  • Bruises

  • Bone Fragility

  • Joint pain

  • Poor wound healing

  • Frequent infections

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44

Vitamin C Toxicity

  • Nausea

  • Abdominal cramps

  • Diarrhea

  • Rashes

  • Interference with medical tests and drug therapies

  • Aggravation of gout or kidney stones

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45

Vitamin C Sources

  • Sweet Red Pepper (chopped, raw)

  • Brussel Sprouts (Cooked)

  • Grapefruit

  • Sweet Potato

  • Orange Juice

  • Green Pepper (chopped, raw)

  • Broccoli (Cooked)

  • Strawberries

  • Bok Choy (Cooked)

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