IPS2: Pharmacology - Part 10.1 - Endocrine Drugs - Pancreatic Hormones

Secretes different types of hormones containing one million islets of Langerhans throughout the gland.

a. Liver

b. Pancreas

c. Gall bladder

d. Stomach

b. Pancreas

Pancreatic cell types include all of the following except:

a. Alpha cell

b. Beta cell

c. Delta cell

d. G cell

e. F cell or PP cell

f. None

f. None

Dominant pancreatic cell:

a. Alpha cell

b. Beta cell

c. Delta cell

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

d. a and b - Alpha and Beta cells

Most dominant pancreatic cell:

a. Alpha cell

b. Beta cell

c. Delta cell

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

b. Beta cell

Approximate percent of islet mass in alpha cell.

a. 20

b. 75

c. 3-5

d. 1

a. 20

Approximate percent of islet mass in beta cell.

a. 20

b. 75

c. 3-5

d. 1

b. 75

Approximate percent of islet mass in delta cell.

a. 20

b. 75

c. 3-5

d. 1

c. 3-5

Approximate percent of islet mass in G cell.

a. 20

b. 75

c. 3-5

d. 1

d. 1

Approximate percent of islet mass in F cell.

a. 20

b. 75

c. 3-5

d. 1

d. 1

Secrete glucagon and proglucagon.

a. Alpha cell

b. Beta cell

c. Delta cell

d. G cell

e. F cell or PP cell

a. Alpha cell

Secrete insulin and proinsulin.

a. Alpha cell

b. Beta cell

c. Delta cell

d. G cell

e. F cell or PP cell

b. Beta cell

Secrete C-peptide and amylin.

a. Alpha cell

b. Beta cell

c. Delta cell

d. G cell

e. F cell or PP cell

b. Beta cell

Secrete somatostatin.

a. Alpha cell

b. Beta cell

c. Delta cell

d. G cell

e. F cell or PP cell

c. Delta cell

Secrete gastrin.

a. Alpha cell

b. Beta cell

c. Delta cell

d. G cell

e. F cell or PP cell

d. G cell

Secrete pancreatic polypeptide.

a. Alpha cell

b. Beta cell

c. Delta cell

d. G cell

e. F cell or PP cell

e. F cell or PP cell

Pancreas hormone products:

Secreted during fed state responsible for the storage and anabolic hormone of the body leading to synthesis of glucose and TAG.

a. Insulin

b. Amylin

c. Glucagon

d. Somatostatins

e. Gastrin

f. Pancreatic peptide

a. Insulin

Pancreas hormone products:

Islet Amyloid Polypeptide

a. Insulin

b. Amylin

c. Glucagon

d. Somatostatins

e. Gastrin

f. Pancreatic peptide

b. Amylin

Pancreas hormone products:

Modulates appetite promoting satiety effect, gastric emptying, glucagon, and insulin secretion.

a. Insulin

b. Amylin

c. Glucagon

d. Somatostatins

e. Gastrin

f. Pancreatic peptide

b. Amylin

Pancreas hormone products:

Secreted during fasted state which is a hyperglycemic factor with catabolic effect that mobilizes glycogen stores.

a. Insulin

b. Amylin

c. Glucagon

d. Somatostatins

e. Gastrin

f. Pancreatic peptide

c. Glucagon

Pancreas hormone products:

Universal inhibitor of secretory cells.

a. Insulin

b. Amylin

c. Glucagon

d. Somatostatins

e. Gastrin

f. Pancreatic peptide

d. Somatostatins

Pancreas hormone products:

Small protein that facilitates digestive processes by a mechanism not yet clarified.

a. Insulin

b. Amylin

c. Glucagon

d. Somatostatins

e. Gastrin

f. Pancreatic peptide

f. Pancreatic peptide

Pancreas hormone products:

Stimulates gastric acid secretion.

a. Insulin

b. Amylin

c. Glucagon

d. Somatostatins

e. Gastrin

f. Pancreatic peptide

e. Gastrin

Insulin secretion stimulants except:

a. Glucose

b. Other Sugars (Mannose)

c. Amino Acids

d. GLP-1

e. None

e. None

Insulin secretion stimulants except:

a. GIP

b. Glucagon

c. Cholecystokinin

d. Vagal activity

e. None

e. None

Insulin secretion process:

1- Cell depolarization leading to Ca channel opening

2- Influx of calcium in the cell

3- Exocytosis of insulin from vesicle and release out of the cell

4- Glucose uptake by the GLUT2

5- Metabolism of glucose leading to production of ATP

6- Closure of ATP-sensitive K channel

a. 546213

b. 546123

c. 456213

d. 456123

e. 451623

d. 456123

Glucose transporters:

Present in gut and kidney.

a. GLUT 1

b. GLUT 2

c. GLUT 3

d. GLUT 4

e. GLUT 5

e. GLUT5

Glucose transporters:

Present in muscles and adipose.

a. GLUT 1

b. GLUT 2

c. GLUT 3

d. GLUT 4

e. GLUT 5

d. GLUT4

Glucose transporters:

Present in brain, kidney, placenta, and other tissues.

a. GLUT 1

b. GLUT 2

c. GLUT 3

d. GLUT 4

e. GLUT 5

c. GLUT3

Glucose transporters:

Present in beta cells of pancreas, liver, kidney, gut.

a. GLUT 1

b. GLUT 2

c. GLUT 3

d. GLUT 4

e. GLUT 5

b. GLUT2

Glucose transporters:

Present in all tissues especially red cells, and brain.

a. GLUT 1

b. GLUT 2

c. GLUT 3

d. GLUT 4

e. GLUT 5

a. GLUT1

Glucose transporters function:

Absorption of fructose.

a. GLUT 1

b. GLUT 2

c. GLUT 3

d. GLUT 4

e. GLUT 5

e. GLUT5

Glucose transporters function:

Insulin mediated uptake of glucose.

a. GLUT 1

b. GLUT 2

c. GLUT 3

d. GLUT 4

e. GLUT 5

d. GLUT4

Glucose transporters function:

Uptake into neurons and other tissues.

a. GLUT 1

b. GLUT 2

c. GLUT 3

d. GLUT 4

e. GLUT 5

c. GLUT3

Glucose transporters function:

Regulation of insulin release and other aspects of glucose homeostasis.

a. GLUT 1

b. GLUT 2

c. GLUT 3

d. GLUT 4

e. GLUT 5

b. GLUT2

Glucose transporters function:

Basal uptake of glucose; transport across the blood-brain barrier.

a. GLUT 1

b. GLUT 2

c. GLUT 3

d. GLUT 4

e. GLUT 5

a. GLUT1

Insulin effects on liver:

[Reversal of catabolic features of insulin efficiency]

I. Inhibits glycogenolysis

II. Inhibits conversion of fatty acids and amino acids to keto acids

III. Inhibits conversion of amino acids to glucose aka gluconeogenesis

IV. Promotes glucose storage as glycogen

V. Induces glucokinase and glycogen synthase, and phosphorylase

VI. Increases triglyceride synthesis and very-low-density lipoprotein formation

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI

b. I, II, III, IV, VI

c. I, III, IV, V, VI

d. I, II, III, VI

e. I, IV, V, VI

b. I, II, III, IV, VI

(V) Induces glucokinase and glycogen synthase, and INHIBIT phosphorylase.

Insulin effects on muscles.

I. Increased protein synthesis

II. Increases amino acid transport

III. Increases ribosomal protein synthesis

IV. Increased glycogen synthesis

V. Increases glucose transport

VI. Induces glycogen synthase and inhibits phosphorylase

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI

b. I, II, III, IV, VI

c. I, III, IV, V, VI

d. I, II, III, VI

e. I, IV, V, VI

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI

Effects of insulin in adipose tissue:

I. Increased triglyceride storage by esterification of fatty acids

II. Lipoprotein lipase is induced and activated to hydrolyze triglycerides from lipoproteins

III. Glucose transport into cell provides glycerol phosphate to permit esterification of fatty acids supplied by lipoprotein transport

IV. Intracellular lipase is inhibited

a. I, II, III, IV

b. I, II, III

c. II, III, IV

d. I, II

e. III, IV

a. I, II, III, IV

True about glucagon:

I. Synthesized in the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans in response to decreased blood glucose concertation.

II. Activates gluconeogenesis

III. Activates glycogenesis

IV. Activates phosphorylase

V. Increase hepatic glucose production

a. I, II, III, IV, V

b. I, II, IV, V

c. I, II, III, V

d. III, IV, V

e. I, II, III

b. I, II, IV, V

(III) Activates GLYCOGENOLYSIS.

Substrate for gluconeogenesis except:

a. Amino acid

b. Pyruvate

c. Lactate

d. Glycerol

e. None

e. None

Incretins:

a. Increase secretion of insulin

b. Glucagon Like Peptides (GLP)

c. Glucose Dependent Insulinotropic Peptide (GIP)

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. All

Glucagon Like Peptides (GLP)

I. A potent stimulant of insulin synthesis and release and beta cell mass

II. It inhibits glucagon secretion

III. It slows gastric emptying time producing satiety effect

IV. It has an anorexic effect

V. A potential therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes

VI. Requires continuous SC infusion

VII. Example is Exenatide which is an analog

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII

b. I, II, III, IV, V, VI

c. II, III, IV, V, VI, VII

d. I, II, III, IV, V

e. III, IV, V, VI, VII

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII

Diabetes Mellitus.

a. Elevated blood glucose

b. Associated with absent or inadequate pancreatic insulin secretion

c. With or without concurrent impairment of insulin action

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. All

Types of DM:

Insulin-Dependent Diabetes (IDDM)

a. Type 1

b. Type 2

c. Type 3

d. Type 4

a. Type 1

Types of DM:

Autoimmune disease causing beta cell destruction.

a. Type 1

b. Type 2

c. Type 3

d. Type 4

a. Type 1

Types of DM:

Severe or absolute insulin deficiency thus requires exogenous insulin for survival.

a. Type 1

b. Type 2

c. Type 3

d. Type 4

a. Type 1

Types of DM:

Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes (NIDDM)

a. Type 1

b. Type 2

c. Type 3

d. Type 4

b. Type 2

Types of DM:

Resistance to the action of insulin combined with a relative deficiency in insulin secretion.

a. Type 1

b. Type 2

c. Type 3

d. Type 4

b. Type 2

Types of DM:

Secondary DM.

a. Type 1

b. Type 2

c. Type 3

d. Type 4

c. Type 3

Types of DM:

Has specific causes including pancreatectomy, pancreatitis, nonpancreatic diseases, drug therapy, etc.

a. Type 1

b. Type 2

c. Type 3

d. Type 4

c. Type 3

Types of DM:

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

a. Type 1

b. Type 2

c. Type 3

d. Type 4

d. Type 4

Types of DM:

Abnormality in glucose levels noted for the first-time during pregnancy which pronounced in the last trimester.

a. Type 1

b. Type 2

c. Type 3

d. Type 4

d. Type 4

Types of DM:

Associated with increased risk of development of Type 2 DM.

a. Type 1

b. Type 2

c. Type 3

d. Type 4

d. Type 4