Pleura, mediastinum, and pericardium

the pleural membrane binds to the thoracic cavity walls via _________

endothoracic fascia 

the thoracic cavity contains how many pleural sacs

2

the parietal pleura has three gross parts, name them

1. costal pleura

2. mediastinal pleura

3. diaphragmatic pleura

recesses are made when regions of parietal pleura ______

collide

what are the two pleural recesses present in the thoracic cavity

• costodiaphragmatic recess

• costomediastinal recess

the very cranial extent of the parietal pleura that extends through the thoracic inlet is known as the what

cupula pleurae 

what structures are contained with the mediastinum

1. thymus

2. heart

3. aorta

4. trachea

5. esophagus

6. vagus nerves

what are the parts of the mediastinum determined by the heart

1. cranial mediastinum

2. middle mediastinum

3. caudal mediastinum

what are the parts of the mediastinum determined by the roots of the lung

1. dorsal mediastinum

2. ventral mediastinum

what are the two gross outer layers of the heart

1. fibrous pericardium

2. serous pericardium

what are the two parts of the serous pericardium

• parietal serous pericardium

• visceral serous pericardium

the pericardial cavity exists between what two layers

• visceral serous pericardium

• parietal serous pericardium

when in contact with the mediastinal pleura the fibrous pericardium becomes ________

pericardial mediastinal pleura

two ligaments of fibrous pericardium anchor the apex of the heart what are their names

• phrenicopericadial ligament

• sternopericardiac ligament

the phrenicopericardial ligament connects the heart to the _____

diaphragm

the sternopericardiac ligament connects the heart to the ________

Sternum

label the layers of the heart

1. pericardial mediastinal pleura

2. fibrous pericardium

3. parietal serous pericardium

4. pericardial cavity

5. visceral serous pericardium

6. sternopericardiac ligament

the respiratory system is split into two tracts, name them

1. upper respiratory tract

2. lower respiratory tract

what makes up the upper respiratory tract

• nasal cavity

• pharynx

• larynx

• trachea

where does the trachea end

the base of the heart

what are the two parts of the trachea

1. cervical part

2. thoracic part

the cervical part of the trachea starts from the ______ and ends at the _______

• cricoid cartilage

• thoracic inlet

what are the 3 components of the trachea

1. tracheal cartilage

2. tracheal muscle

3. annular ligaments

_______ makes up a the incomplete tracheal rings

tracheal cartilage

______ completes the tracheal rings dorsally

tracheal muscles

_______ connects consecutive tracheal rings

annular ligaments

where is the cardiac notch within the dog

• cranial and middle lobes

• 4th and 5th intercostal spaces

• exposes right ventricle

Name the location that the needle is directed into during the thoracocentesis procedure in dogs.

The costodiaphragmatic recess at the 6^th, 7^th, and 8^th intercostals spaces.