Studied by 6 people
Hi
The ventricles of the brain arise from which structure
Neural tube
Which ventricles are C-shaped and paired
Lateral Ventricles
Where is the third ventricle located
Diecephalon
The 4th ventricle is found dorsal to which structure
Pons
Which part of the CNS contains a cortex of gray matter, internal white matter, and additional gray matter in the nuclei
Cerebrum
What surrounds the central canal of the spinal cord
Gray matter
Which part of the brain forms it’s superior part and makes up 83% of the mass
Cerebrum
Ridges on the brain are known as
Gyri
What separates the frontal and parietal lobes
Central sulcus
The central sulcus separates which two gyri
Precentral and postcentral gyri
Which area of the brain enables sensation, communication, memory, understanding, and voluntary movements
Cortex
Each hemisphere of the brain acts
Contralaterally
What is not true about the brain hemisphere
They are equal in function
Which area of the brain controls voluntary movement
Motor areas
Where is the primary motor cortex located
Precentral gyrus
The premotor cortex involved in
Planning of movements
Broca’s area is located in
The inferior region of the premotor area
The primary somatosensory cortex is located in the
Prostcentral gyrus
Which cortex integrates sensory information and forms a comprehensive understanding of the stimulus
Somatosensory association cortex
Which cortex is seen on the extreme posterior tip of the occipital lobe?
Primary visual cortex
Which area interprets visual stimuli, such as color, form, and movement?
Visual association area
Which part of the brain is involved with intellect, cognition, recall, and personality?
Prefrontal cortex
Which area is necessary for judgment, reasoning, persistence, and conscience?
Prefrontal cortex
Wernicke's area is involved in:
Sounding out unfamiliar words
Which fibers connect gray matter of the two hemispheres?
Commissures
Which type of fibers connect different parts of the same hemisphere?
Association fibers
Projection fibers connect:
Hemispheres with lower brain or spinal cord
Functions of basal nuclei include:
Influencing muscle movements and regulating intensity
Disorders associated with basal nuclei include:
Parkingson’s disease and Huntington’s disease
The central sulcus separates which lobes?
Frontal and parietal
The parieto-occipital sulcus separates which lobes?
Parietal and occipital
The lateral sulcus separates which lobes?
Parietal and temporal
Which functional area controls learned, repetitious, or patterned motor skills?
Premotor cortex
Which cortex is involved in the planning of movements?
Premotor cortex
Which cortex receives information from the skin and skeletal muscles?
Primary somatosensory cortex
Which functional area of the brain is involved in conscious awareness of sensation?
Sensory areas
The prefrontal cortex is closely linked to which system?
Limbric system
Which functional area integrates diverse information?
Association areas
Which area of the brain is involved in coordinating auditory and visual aspects of language?
Lateral and ventral temporal lobe
Broca's area is primarily responsible for:
Speech preparation and production
Which function is not associated with the thalamus?
Controlling voluntary movements
All afferent impulses from the senses converge and synapse in the:
Thalamus
Impulses of similar function are sorted out and relayed as a group in the:
Thalamus
The hypothalamus is located:
Below the thalamus
The mammillary bodies are a relay station for:
Olfactory pathways
The infundibulum connects the hypothalamus to the:
Pituitary gland
Which is not a homeostatic control function of the hypothalamus?
Initiating voluntary muscle movements
The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus sets our:
Biological clock
Which hormones are produced by the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus
Oxytocin and ADH
The most dorsal portion of the diencephalon is the:
Epithalamus
The pineal gland secretes:
Melatonin
The choroid plexus is responsible for producing:
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
The brain stem consists of:
Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
Which structure is located between the diencephalon and the pons?
Midbrain
The cerebral aqueduct connects which ventricles?
Third and fourth
The cerebral peduncles contain:
Descending pyramidal motor tracts
Which structure is part of the midbrain?
Both A and B
The pons is located between the:
Midbrain and medulla oblongata
The pons contains nuclei involved in:
Reticular formation
The pons forms part of the:
Anterior wall of the fourth ventricle
The most inferior part of the brain stem is the:
Medulla oblongata
The inferior olivary nuclei are involved in:
Relaying stretch information from muscles/joints to cerebellum
The cardiovascular control center is located in the:
Medulla oblongata
The cerebellum is located:
Dorsal to the pons and medulla
The cerebellum makes up approximately what percentage of the brain's mass?
11%
Which structure connects the two hemispheres of the cerebellum?
Vermis
The cerebellum provides precise timing and appropriate patterns of:
Skeletal muscle contraction
The distinctive treelike pattern of the cerebellar white matter is known as the:
Arbor vitae
The cerebellum receives sensory information about the body's position and movement from:
Proprioceptors and visual signals
Which of the following tracts connects the cerebellum to the midbrain?
Superior peduncles
Which part of the brain deals with anger, danger, and fear responses?
Amygdala
What role does the cingulate gyrus play in emotion?
Expresses emotions via gestures and resolves mental conflict
Which structure is responsible for converting new information into long-term memories?
Hippocampus
What is the function of the reticular activating system (RAS)?
Sends impulses to the cerebral cortex to keep it conscious and alert
What does the RAS filter out?
Repetitive and weak stimuli
Which area of the brain is involved in speech production?
Broca's area
Damage to which area results in the ability to understand language but inability to speak?
Broca's area
Which brain area is involved in understanding spoken and written words?
Wernicke's area
What factor does not affect the transfer of information from short-term memory to long-term memory?
Time of day
Which type of amnesia involves the loss of memories formed in the distant past?
Retrograde amnesia
What are brain waves a reflection of?
Electrical activity of higher mental functions
Which condition is characterized by a torrent of electrical discharges by groups of neurons?
Epileptic seizure
Which is not a clinical grade of consciousness?
Hyperactivity
Which type of sleep is characterized by rapid eye movements?
REM sleep
Which disorder involves abrupt lapses into sleep from an awake state?
Narcolepsy
Which meninx is known as the "tough mother"?
Dura mater
Which part of the brain is the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) produced?
Choroid plexus
What is the function of arachnoid villi?
Absorb cerebrospinal fluid into venous blood
What is the main cause of hydrocephalus in newborns?
Blockage of CSF circulation or drainage
Which condition involves the loss of the ability to speak, swallow, and breathe?
Lou Gehrig's disease (ALS)
What is cerebral palsy primarily associated with?
Lack of oxygen during birth
Where does the spinal cord end?
L1 or L2 vertebra
What is the filum terminale?
Fibrous extension of the pia mater
What is the cauda equina?
Collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal
What type of paralysis involves severe damage to the ventral root or anterior horn cells?
Flaccid paralysis
Which condition involves poorly controlled or paralyzed voluntary muscles due to brain damage
Cerebral palsy
Which part of the brain regulates body temperature, hunger, and thirst?
Hypothalamus
What is the function of the mammillary bodies?
Relay station for olfactory pathways
Which structure connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?
Infundibulum
What does the pineal gland secrete?
Melatonin
Note
Flashcard